Case Control Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Cases. Oct 26, 2021; 9(30): 8985-8998
Published online Oct 26, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i30.8985
Novel application of multispectral refraction topography in the observation of myopic control effect by orthokeratology lens in adolescents
Ning-Jun Ni, Fei-Yan Ma, Xiao-Mei Wu, Xiao Liu, Hong-Yan Zhang, Yi-Fei Yu, Mei-Chen Guo, Sheng-Yong Zhu
Ning-Jun Ni, Department of Technology, Zigong Yuan-Xin Energy Saving Technology Co. Ltd, Zigong 643030, Sichuan Province, China
Fei-Yan Ma, Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
Xiao-Mei Wu, Xiao Liu, Hong-Yan Zhang, Mei-Chen Guo, Sheng-Yong Zhu, Department of Ophthalmology, The First People’s Hospital of Zigong, Zigong 643000, Sichuan Province, China
Yi-Fei Yu, Department of Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
Author contributions: Ni NJ performed data analysis and wrote the manuscript; Wu XM designed the study and participated in data collection and served as the scientific advisor; Ma FY corrected the manuscript; Liu X, Zhang HY, Yu YF, Guo MC, and Zhu SY participated in data collection.
Institutional review board statement: The study was approved by ethics committee of The First People’s Hospital of Zigong.
Informed consent statement: All patients gave informed consent.
Conflict-of-interest statement: No conflict of interest.
Data sharing statement: Technical appendix, statistical code, from the corresponding author at wuxiaomeimei0@163.com.
STROBE statement: The manuscript was revised according to the STROBE.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Xiao-Mei Wu, BSc, Attending Doctor, Department of Ophthalmology, The First People’s Hospital of Zigong, No. 42 The 1st Branch Road of Shangyihao, Ziliujing District, Zigong 643000, Sichuan Province, China. wuxiaomeimei0@163.com
Received: June 30, 2021
Peer-review started: June 30, 2021
First decision: July 26, 2021
Revised: August 10, 2021
Accepted: August 25, 2021
Article in press: August 25, 2021
Published online: October 26, 2021
Processing time: 112 Days and 23 Hours
ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
Research background

Myopia is a common eye disease often occurring among adolescents. Although the study-and-play surrounding of teenagers has been greatly improved in recent years, myopia incidence in China and some other developing countries is still quite high. As for myopia pathogenesis, a new hypothesis shows that myopia is controlled by signals from the retina’s periphery. To some extent, it explains how rigid gas-permeable contact lenses, like orthokeratology lens (OK lens) and single-focal glasses, testified effective in myopia control, slow down the growth rate of myopia degree. Based on computer depth estimation, multispectral refraction topography (MRT) technology can provide more accurate data containing more refractive information, especially the peripheral retina counterpart.

Research motivation

This study focused on the theory supporting OK lenses in myopia control. The treatment efficiency comparison between OK lenses and single-focal glasses revealed the effect of OK lenses in delaying diopter development, reducing the growth rate of the eye axis, and controlling total retinal defocus values (TRDV). Meanwhile, the effect of periphery retina on myopia progression was proved on another side. The myopia control mechanism of OK lenses provides guides for technical improvement of OK lenses and new possibilities for more effective myopia control.

Research objectives

In this study, MRT was involved in predicting myopia development and guiding myopia control. It provides more accurate data on myopia progression than traditional optometry methods. It is a new attempt, showing a further use of MRT in myopia prevention and control.

Research methods

In this study, MRT was creatively combined with myopia treatment to explore the mechanism of OK lenses in preventing myopia growth. MRT was used to accurately quantify the retina hyperopia defocus, confirming that reducing the defocus of peripheral hyperopia can delay the eye axis growth and increase diopter.

Research results

Statistically significant differences were detected in diopter increase between patients treated with OK lenses and single-focal glasses. Regardless of low- or moderate myopia in the initial period, OK lenses were more effective than frame glasses. Similarly, when no significant difference existed in the original ocular axial length between the two groups, growth of eye axis was delayed more distinctly in groups wearing OK lenses. OK lenses were also more effective in TRDV control, which was certificated to be linearly associated with hyperopic defocus values of the peripheral retina (15°-53°). Improvement of TRDV occurred evenly on four sides of the retina.

Research conclusions

The effects of OK lenses on controlling myopia development, reducing diopter growth rate and ocular axial length, and improving patients’ TRDV were certificated again in this study. More evidence that OK lenses affected myopia development through working on the peripheral retina was given by the strong relationship between TRDV and peripheral hyperopic defocus values. Those data were very valuably detected by MRT with high correctness and accuracy.

Research perspectives

This study provided new evidence for old theories and hypotheses and proved the high value of MRT in ocular research, especially myopia-associated ones. Thus, it has been planned to expand the study size for more accurate and reliable data. This data may provide a new angle about how myopia developed and further how to prevent and control myopia.