Case Control Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Cases. Oct 26, 2021; 9(30): 8985-8998
Published online Oct 26, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i30.8985
Novel application of multispectral refraction topography in the observation of myopic control effect by orthokeratology lens in adolescents
Ning-Jun Ni, Fei-Yan Ma, Xiao-Mei Wu, Xiao Liu, Hong-Yan Zhang, Yi-Fei Yu, Mei-Chen Guo, Sheng-Yong Zhu
Ning-Jun Ni, Department of Technology, Zigong Yuan-Xin Energy Saving Technology Co. Ltd, Zigong 643030, Sichuan Province, China
Fei-Yan Ma, Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
Xiao-Mei Wu, Xiao Liu, Hong-Yan Zhang, Mei-Chen Guo, Sheng-Yong Zhu, Department of Ophthalmology, The First People’s Hospital of Zigong, Zigong 643000, Sichuan Province, China
Yi-Fei Yu, Department of Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
Author contributions: Ni NJ performed data analysis and wrote the manuscript; Wu XM designed the study and participated in data collection and served as the scientific advisor; Ma FY corrected the manuscript; Liu X, Zhang HY, Yu YF, Guo MC, and Zhu SY participated in data collection.
Institutional review board statement: The study was approved by ethics committee of The First People’s Hospital of Zigong.
Informed consent statement: All patients gave informed consent.
Conflict-of-interest statement: No conflict of interest.
Data sharing statement: Technical appendix, statistical code, from the corresponding author at wuxiaomeimei0@163.com.
STROBE statement: The manuscript was revised according to the STROBE.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Xiao-Mei Wu, BSc, Attending Doctor, Department of Ophthalmology, The First People’s Hospital of Zigong, No. 42 The 1st Branch Road of Shangyihao, Ziliujing District, Zigong 643000, Sichuan Province, China. wuxiaomeimei0@163.com
Received: June 30, 2021
Peer-review started: June 30, 2021
First decision: July 26, 2021
Revised: August 10, 2021
Accepted: August 25, 2021
Article in press: August 25, 2021
Published online: October 26, 2021
Processing time: 112 Days and 23 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Myopia, as one of the common ocular diseases, often occurs in adolescence. In addition to the harm from itself, it may also lead to serious complications. Thus, prevention and control of myopia are attracting more and more attention. Previous research revealed that single-focal glasses and orthokeratology lenses (OK lenses) played an important part in slowing down myopia and preventing high myopia.

AIM

To compare the clinical effects of OK lenses and frame glasses against the increase of diopter in adolescent myopia and further explore the mechanism of the OK lens.

METHODS

Changes in diopter and axial length were collected among 70 adolescent myopia patients (124 eyes) wearing OK lenses for 1 year (group A) and 59 adolescent myopia patients (113 eyes) wearing frame glasses (group B). Refractive states of their retina were inspected through multispectral refraction topography. The obtained hyperopic defocus was analyzed for the mechanism of OK lenses on slowing down the increase of myopic diopter by delaying the increase of ocular axis length and reducing the near hyperopia defocus.

RESULTS

Teenagers in groups A and B were divided into low myopia (0D - -3.00 D) and moderate myopia (-3.25D - -6.00 D), without statistical differences among gender and age. After 1-year treatment, the increase of diopter and axis length and changes of retinal hyperopic defocus amount of group A were significantly less than those of group B. According to the multiple linear analysis, the retinal defocus in the upper, lower, nasal, and temporal directions had almost the same effect on the total defocus. The amount of peripheral retinal defocus (15°-53°) in group A was significantly lower than that in group B.

CONCLUSION

Multispectral refraction topography is progressive and instructive in clinical prevention and control of myopia.

Keywords: Multispectral refraction topography; Myopia; Retinal hyperopic defocus; Eye axis; Diopter; Orthokeratology lens; Frame glasses

Core Tip: Nowadays, against the increasingly serious myopia of juveniles, myopia prevention and control methods have attracted more attention. Among them, orthokeratology is highly valued because of its high efficiency and low side effects. In this study, the effect of orthokeratology on reducing diopter growth and eye axis length was proved again. Multispectral refraction topography was used to quantify the defocus state of the retina in the 53° field of view and present the defocus form using a visual topographic map. Thus more accurate and reliable evidence was provided on the association between the peripheral retina and myopia development.