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©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Efficacy of combination of localized closure, ethacridine lactate dressing, and phototherapy in treatment of severe extravasation injuries: A case series
Yan-Xu Lu, Ying Wu, Peng-Fei Liang, Rong-Chan Wu, Ling-Yun Tian, Hui-Ying Mo
Yan-Xu Lu, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology , Central South University, Changsha 410000, Hunan Province, China
Ying Wu, Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Department of Burn and Reconstructive Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
Peng-Fei Liang, Hui-Ying Mo, Department of Burn and Reconstructive Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
Rong-Chan Wu, Phase 1 Clinical Trial Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
Ling-Yun Tian, School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui Province, China
Author contributions: Lu YX and Wu Y carried out the studies, participated in collecting the data, and drafted the manuscript; Tian LY and Mo HY performed the statistical analysis and participated in study design; Liang PF and Wu RC participated in acquisition and analysis of the data; all authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department, No. 2019JJ40527.
Institutional review board statement: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Xiangya Hospital of Central South University (approval No. 202001107).
Informed consent statement: The patients included in this study have given written informed consent for publishing the case details.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest to disclose.
Data sharing statement: The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See:
http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Corresponding author: Ying Wu, MS, Associate Chief Nurse, Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Department of Burn and Reconstructive Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China. wuying2341@126.com
Received: December 9, 2020
Peer-review started: December 9, 2020
First decision: January 17, 2021
Revised: February 24, 2021
Accepted: April 6, 2021
Article in press: April 6, 2021
Published online: June 26, 2021
ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
Research background
Intravenous infusion is a commonly used method for the administration of a variety of fluids and medication directly into the vein of a patient. Occasionally, these infused drugs may leak from the blood vessels into the subcutaneous tissues. Such a leakage is known as extravasation. This condition can result in tissue necrosis and dysfunction, contracture, disfigurement, functional compromise, deformities, and potential long-term sequelae. Therefore, an optimal approach to reduce these severe complications of extravasation is an urgent necessity.
Research motivation
Effective management of severe extravasation injuries is still a challenging task, and no specific treatment has yet been identified.
Research objectives
The objective of this study was to present a case series of patients with severe extravasation injuries due to infusion who were managed using ethacridine lactate dressing combined with localized closure and phototherapy.
Research methods
A retrospective study of eight patients (three male and five female) with severe extravasation injuries was conducted. Age of the patients ranged from 10 mo to 72 years. The extravasation event was managed using a combination of ethacridine lactate dressing, localized closure, and phototherapy.
Research results
The infusates administered to patients included iodixanol, norepinephrine, alprostadil, amino acids, fat emulsion, cefoselis, cefoxitin, and potassium chloride + concentrated sodium chloride. The extravasation sites included the forearm, hand, calf, and foot. All of the patients achieved complete healing within 21 d after the extravasation event. Adverse reactions were not observed during extravasation management, hospital stay, or follow-up visit.
Research conclusions
Patients with severe extravasation injuries can obtain satisfactory results when treated with a combination of localized closure, ethacridine lactate dressing, and phototherapy.
Research perspectives
Treatment using ethacridine lactate dressing combined with localized closure and phototherapy could become a novel method in managing severe extravasation injuries. However, as this study was retrospective in nature, prospective multicenter trials with a larger number of patients are needed.
