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©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Acknowledging the use of botanicals to treat diabetic foot ulcer during the 21st century: A systematic review
Illora Narzary, Amit Swarnakar, Mrinal Kalita, Sushil Kumar Middha, Talambedu Usha, Dinesh Babu, Banjai Mochahary, Sudem Brahma, Jangila Basumatary, Arvind Kumar Goyal
Illora Narzary, Mrinal Kalita, Banjai Mochahary, Sudem Brahma, Jangila Basumatary, Arvind Kumar Goyal, Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar 783370, Assam, India
Illora Narzary, Department of Zoology, Baosi Banikanta Kakati College, Barpeta 781311, Assam, India
Amit Swarnakar, Medical Unit, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar 783370, Assam, India
Sushil Kumar Middha, Department of Biotechnology, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Bengaluru 560012, Karnataka, India
Talambedu Usha, Department of Biochemistry, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Bengaluru 560012, Karnataka, India
Dinesh Babu, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
Author contributions: Goyal AK conceptualized the study; Narzary I, Swarnakar A, Kalita M, Middha SK, Usha T, Mochahary B, Brahma S, Basumatary J, and Goyal AK performed the literature search, analysed the data, created table and wrote the first draft of the manuscript; Babu D, Narzary I, Kalita M, Middha SK and Goyal AK performed the English editing and revision; and all the authors approved the manuscript for final submission.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
PRISMA 2009 Checklist statement: The authors have read the PRISMA 2009 Checklist, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the PRISMA 2009 Checklist.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See:
https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Corresponding author: Arvind Kumar Goyal, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Debargaon, Kokrajhar 783370, Assam, India.
arvindgoyal210883@gmail.com
Received: March 6, 2023
Peer-review started: March 6, 2023
First decision: April 10, 2023
Revised: April 24, 2023
Accepted: May 16, 2023
Article in press: May 16, 2023
Published online: June 16, 2023
Processing time: 98 Days and 5.8 Hours
ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
Research background
Diabetes has been a major health issue for centuries. Though the basic understanding regarding the incidence of diabetes is still at a rudimentary level, it is associated with a number of factors, which, if not monitored, may lead to severe consequences. Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the most significant complications faced by diabetic patients worldwide. Poor glycemic management, repetitive trauma, underlying neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, and poor foot care are the major causes leading to DFU.
Research motivation
Currently, a number of drugs (like insulin, sulphonylureas, biguanides, etc.) are used as antihyperglycemic medications to regulate blood glucose levels. Although synthetic oral antihyperglycemic drugs are effective, they are still accompanied by undesirable side effects; so, in recent years, interest has gradually shifted towards herbal medications. Since time immemorial, plants and plant-derived products have been used to prevent or treat a host of illnesses, including diabetes, and thus could be of potential benefit for DFU therapy.
Research objectives
This systematic review aims to summarize the therapeutic cases addressing the use of botanicals for treating DFU.
Research methods
The original articles on “the plants for the treatment of DFU” studied in clinical cases only were obtained from various bibliographic databases like PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using different keywords.
Research results
A total of 19 clinical cases were recorded employing the use of 20 medicinal plants belonging to 17 families on 1347 subjects. The fruits and leaves were the most preferred plant parts used to treat DFU, regardless of their oral or topical routes of administration.
Research conclusions
Of the 20 different medicinal plants, 19 plant species showed potential benefits toward wound healing. Fifty percent of the plant species demonstrated total wound healing, while the others demonstrated significant partial healing. The enlisted medicinal plants can be used to create effective oral and topically applied treatments for DFU.
Research perspectives
The effect of these plants on the sugar levels might be studied along with DFU treatment. The effect of these plants on the circulatory, cardiovascular and neurological systems can also be studied in the future to understand their mechanisms of action and develop effective treatments for DFU.
