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©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Acknowledging the use of botanicals to treat diabetic foot ulcer during the 21st century: A systematic review
Illora Narzary, Amit Swarnakar, Mrinal Kalita, Sushil Kumar Middha, Talambedu Usha, Dinesh Babu, Banjai Mochahary, Sudem Brahma, Jangila Basumatary, Arvind Kumar Goyal
Illora Narzary, Mrinal Kalita, Banjai Mochahary, Sudem Brahma, Jangila Basumatary, Arvind Kumar Goyal, Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar 783370, Assam, India
Illora Narzary, Department of Zoology, Baosi Banikanta Kakati College, Barpeta 781311, Assam, India
Amit Swarnakar, Medical Unit, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar 783370, Assam, India
Sushil Kumar Middha, Department of Biotechnology, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Bengaluru 560012, Karnataka, India
Talambedu Usha, Department of Biochemistry, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Bengaluru 560012, Karnataka, India
Dinesh Babu, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
Author contributions: Goyal AK conceptualized the study; Narzary I, Swarnakar A, Kalita M, Middha SK, Usha T, Mochahary B, Brahma S, Basumatary J, and Goyal AK performed the literature search, analysed the data, created table and wrote the first draft of the manuscript; Babu D, Narzary I, Kalita M, Middha SK and Goyal AK performed the English editing and revision; and all the authors approved the manuscript for final submission.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
PRISMA 2009 Checklist statement: The authors have read the PRISMA 2009 Checklist, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the PRISMA 2009 Checklist.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See:
https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Corresponding author: Arvind Kumar Goyal, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Debargaon, Kokrajhar 783370, Assam, India. arvindgoyal210883@gmail.com
Received: March 6, 2023
Peer-review started: March 6, 2023
First decision: April 10, 2023
Revised: April 24, 2023
Accepted: May 16, 2023
Article in press: May 16, 2023
Published online: June 16, 2023
Processing time: 98 Days and 5.8 Hours
BACKGROUND
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a serious health issue of diabetes mellitus that affects innumerable people worldwide. Management and treatment of this complication are challenging, especially for those whose immune system is weak.
AIM
To discuss the plants and their parts used to heal DFU, along with the mode of their administration in diabetic patients.
METHODS
The original articles on “the plants for the treatment of DFU” studied in clinical cases only were obtained from various bibliographic databases using different keywords.
RESULTS
The search resulted in 22 clinical cases records with 20 medicinal plants belonging to 17 families on 1553 subjects. The fruits and leaves were the most preferentially used parts for DFU treatment, regardless of whether they were being administered orally or applied topically. Of the 20 medicinal plants, 19 reported their effectiveness in increasing angiogenesis, epithelialization, and granulation, thus hastening the wound-healing process. The efficacy of these botanicals might be attributed to their major bioactive compounds, such as actinidin and ascorbic acid (in Actinidia deliciosa), 7-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-galactin (in Ageratina pichinchensis), omega-3-fatty acid (in Linum usitatissimum), isoquercetin (in Melilotus officinalis), anthocyanins (in Myrtus communis), and plantamajoside (in Plantago major).
CONCLUSION
The validation of mechanisms of action underlying these phytocompounds contributing to the management of DFU can aid in our better understanding of creating efficient treatment options for DFU and its associated problems.
Core Tip: Due to the fact that diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) may result in osteomyelitis and lower limb amputation in diabetic patients, this exhaustive systematic review can offer clinically relevant treatments for DFU using natural remedies. This review focuses on metabolites from 19 medicinal plants that could contribute to DFU healing. The recovery time for DFU, the route of administration of medicinal plants, and a comparison of the treated group to the positive and negative control groups were also included in this study to better understand the beneficial effects of using botanicals in the management of DFU.
