Long HY, Huang TY, Xie XY, Long JT, Liu BX. Treatment strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma with extrahepatic metastasis. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9(21): 5754-5768 [PMID: 34368295 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i21.5754]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Bao-Xian Liu, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China. liubxian@mail.sysu.edu.cn
Research Domain of This Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Article-Type of This Article
Review
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Clin Cases. Jul 26, 2021; 9(21): 5754-5768 Published online Jul 26, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i21.5754
Treatment strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma with extrahepatic metastasis
Hai-Yi Long, Tong-Yi Huang, Xiao-Yan Xie, Jian-Ting Long, Bao-Xian Liu
Hai-Yi Long, Tong-Yi Huang, Xiao-Yan Xie, Bao-Xian Liu, Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
Jian-Ting Long, Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
Author contributions: Long HY and Huang TY were involved in review design and drafting of the manuscript; Xie XY and Long JT were involved in the critical revision of the manuscript; Liu BX was involved in review design and critical revision of the manuscript.
Supported byNatural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China, No. 2018A0303130165; and Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, No. 201904010046.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Bao-Xian Liu, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China. liubxian@mail.sysu.edu.cn
Received: February 21, 2021 Peer-review started: February 21, 2021 First decision: April 19, 2021 Revised: April 20, 2021 Accepted: May 25, 2021 Article in press: May 25, 2021 Published online: July 26, 2021 Processing time: 149 Days and 18.5 Hours
Abstract
Extrahepatic metastasis (EHM) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has increasingly been seen due to improved survival with effective management of intrahepatic lesions. The presence of EHM indicates an advanced stage of HCC, for which systemic therapy serves as the standard treatment modality. Since the approval of Sorafenib as the first systemic agent in 2007, it took almost a decade to show its efficacy in both first and further lines of setting until the landscape of systemic drugs was finally expanded. Moreover, with inspiring results from immunotherapy trials in HCC, it appears that the introduction of immunotherapy may lead to an evolution in the portfolio of HCC treatment. Although the locoregional approach in the management of EHM is not recommended for advanced-stage HCC, efforts have been made to demonstrate its efficacy in symptom relief and potential benefit for overall survival. This review provides a summary of recent updates of the systemic agents in the treatment of advanced HCC, with an emphasis on aggressive locoregional management of EHM by various treatment modalities.
Core Tip: The presence of extrahepatic metastasis (EHM) indicates an advanced stage of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), for which systemic therapy serves as the standard treatment modality. Efforts have been made to demonstrate the efficacy of locoregional management of EHM in symptom relief and potential benefit for overall survival. This review provides a summary of recent updates of the systemic agents for advanced HCC, with an emphasis on aggressive locoregional management of EHM by various treatment modalities.
