Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Cases. Aug 6, 2020; 8(15): 3240-3248
Published online Aug 6, 2020. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i15.3240
Surgical outcomes of bladder augmentation: A comparison of three different augmentation procedures
Xiao-Gang Sun, Ruo-Yi Wang, Jia-Long Xu, Dian-Guo Li, Wei-Xiu Chen, Jin-Liang Li, Jian Wang, Ai-Wu Li
Xiao-Gang Sun, Jian Wang, Ai-Wu Li, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
Xiao-Gang Sun, Ruo-Yi Wang, Jia-Long Xu, Dian-Guo Li, Wei-Xiu Chen, Jin-Liang Li, Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, Shandong Province, China
Author contributions: Li AW and Wang J conceived and designed the analysis; Wang RY and Li DG collected the data; Chen WX and Li JL contributed to the data collection; Xu JL performed the statistical analyses; Sun XG wrote the paper.
Institutional review board statement: The ethics approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board of The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University.
Informed consent statement: Informed consent was obtained from the patients.
Conflict-of-interest statement: No conflict-of-interest.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Ai-Wu Li, PhD, Professor, Surgeon, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua Western Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China. 18753107030@163.com
Received: March 25, 2020
Peer-review started: March 25, 2020
First decision: April 22, 2020
Revised: May 1, 2020
Accepted: July 4, 2020
Article in press: July 4, 2020
Published online: August 6, 2020
Processing time: 133 Days and 21.6 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Augmentation cystoplasty is indispensable in many pediatric diseases, especially neurogenic bladder. Various methods and materials are used to augment the bladder, and these methods are associated with different shortcomings and complications.

AIM

The present study reported the mid-term outcomes of patients undergoing various bladder augmentation procedures in a single institution, and assessed whether seromuscular cystoplasty lined with urothelium (SCLU) provided better urodynamic results than auto-augmentation (AA).

METHODS

A retrospective review of 96 patients undergoing various augmentation methods between 2003 and 2018 was performed. The patients were divided into three groups according to the type of augmentation, and their outcomes were compared. All patients developed neurogenic bladder due to myelomeningocele or sacrococcygeal teratoma. The clinical data of all patients were collected.

RESULTS

The mean ages at surgery in the three groups (standard cystoplasty [SC], SCLU, AA) were 10.8, 7.5, and 4.8 years, respectively, with mean follow-ups of 36, 61, and 36 mo, respectively. The mean preoperative and postoperative bladder capacities of the SC, SCLU, and AA groups were 174 ± 11.7 vs. 387 ± 13.7 (P < 0.0001), 165 ± 12.2 vs. 240 ± 14.7 (P = 0.0002), and 138 ± 16.7 vs. 181 ± 9.9 (P = 0.0360), respectively. Compared with the AA group, the SCLU procedure did not have better postoperative urodynamic parameters. Incontinence was reduced in most patients. The mean times of clean intermittent catheterization per day in the SC, SCLU, and AA groups were 5.6, 7.8, and 8.2, respectively. The main complications of the SC group were recurrent urinary tract infections (8%) and bladder calculi (6%). Re-augmentation was done in patients in the SCLU (8) and AA (3) groups.

CONCLUSION

SC provided sufficient bladder capacity and improved compliance with acceptable complications. After AA and SCLU, the patients acquired limited increases in bladder capacity and compliance with a high rate of re-augmentation. Compared with AA, SCLU did not yield better postoperative urodynamic parameters.

Keywords: Neurogenic bladder; Child; Surgery; Urodynamics; Augmentation cystoplasty; Auto-augmentation

Core tip: We performed a retrospective review of the mid-term outcomes of patients undergoing different bladder augmentation procedures for neurogenic bladder in a single institution. We studied a total of 96 patients who underwent one of the following augmentation cystoplasty procedures: Standard cystoplasty (SC), auto-augmentation (AA), and seromuscular cystoplasty lined with urothelium (SCLU). We found that SC provided sufficient bladder capacity and improved compliance with acceptable complications. Bladder capacity and compliance improved with a high rate of re-augmentation after AA and SCLU. Compared with AA, SCLU did not have better postoperative urodynamic parameters.