Case Report
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Cases. Dec 16, 2022; 10(35): 13044-13051
Published online Dec 16, 2022. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i35.13044
Atypical Whipple’s disease with special endoscopic manifestations: A case report
Shuo Chen, Yuan-Chen Zhou, Shuang Si, Hong-Yan Liu, Qing-Rui Zhang, Teng-Fei Yin, Chu-Xi Xie, Shu-Kun Yao, Shi-Yu Du
Shuo Chen, Qing-Rui Zhang, Shu-Kun Yao, Shi-Yu Du, Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
Yuan-Chen Zhou, Teng-Fei Yin, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100029, China
Shuang Si, Department of General Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
Hong-Yan Liu, Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
Chu-Xi Xie, Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
Author contributions: Chen S, Zhou YC, Zhang QR, and Yin TF wrote the main manuscript text under the guidance of Du SY and Yao SK; Si S, Liu HY, and Xie CX prepared the figures; all authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Supported by The China-Japan Friendship Hospital Foundation, No. 2019-1-QN-2.
Informed consent statement: Informed written consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this report and any accompanying images.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
CARE Checklist (2016) statement: The authors have read the CARE Checklist (2016), and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the CARE Checklist (2016).
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Shi-Yu Du, MD, PhD, Chief Physician, Professor, Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China. shiyudu1975@163.com
Received: August 31, 2022
Peer-review started: August 31, 2022
First decision: October 12, 2022
Revised: October 30, 2022
Accepted: November 18, 2022
Article in press: November 28, 2022
Published online: December 16, 2022
Processing time: 99 Days and 19.4 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Whipple’s disease is a rare systemic infection caused by Tropheryma whipplei. Most patients present with nonspecific symptoms, and routine laboratory and imaging examination results also lack specificity. The diagnosis often relies on invasive manipulation, pathological examination, and molecular techniques. These difficulties in diagnosing Whipple’s disease often result in misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatments.

CASE SUMMARY

This paper reports on the case of a 58-year-old male patient who complained of fatigue and decreased exercise capacity. The results of routine blood tests indicated hypochromic microcytic anemia. Results of gastroscopy and capsule endoscopy showed multiple polypoid bulges distributed in the duodenal and proximal jejunum. A diagnosis of small intestinal adenomatosis was initially considered; hence, the Whipple procedure, a pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy, was performed. Pathological manifestations showed many periodic acid-Schiff-positive macrophages aggregated in the intestinal mucosa of the duodenum, upper jejunum, and surrounding lymph nodes. Based on comprehensive analysis of symptoms, laboratory findings, and pathological manifestations, the patient was finally diagnosed with Whipple’s disease. After receiving 1 mo of antibiotic treatment, the fatigue and anemia were significantly improved.

CONCLUSION

This case presented with atypical gastrointestinal manifestations and small intestinal polypoid bulges, which provided new insight on the diagnosis of Whipple’s disease.

Keywords: Whipple’s disease; Whipple operation; Endoscopy; Tropheryma whipplei; PAS staining; Intestinal polyposis; Case report

Core Tip: Whipple’s disease is a rare disease diagnosed by invasive manipulation. We reported on the case of a 58-year-old male patient who complained of fatigue and decreased exercise capacity. Results of gastroscopy and capsule endoscopy showed multiple polypoid bulges distributed in the duodenal and proximal jejunum. A diagnosis of small intestinal adenomatosis was initially considered; hence, the Whipple procedure, a pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy, was performed. Many polyglandular autoimmune syndromes-positive macrophages aggregated in the intestinal mucosa of the duodenum, upper jejunum, and surrounding lymph nodes. Based on comprehensive analysis of symptoms, laboratory findings, and pathological manifestations, the patient was finally diagnosed with Whipple’s disease.