Biliary stent combined with iodine-125 seed strand implantation in malignant obstructive jaundice

Table 1 Comparison of baseline clinical characteristics between the two groups

	Combined	Control	χ2/t	P value
Age in yr	63.25 ± 9.92	63.46 ± 10.43	-0.0831	0.934
Sex
Male	16	15	0.343	0.558
Female	16	20
ECOG score
< 2	20	25	0.604	0.437
2	12	10
Child grade
B	25	26	0.136	0.713
C	7	9
Type of obstruction1
High	16	16	0.123	0.726
Low	16	19
Obstruction length (cm)	3.22 ± 1.04	3.26 ± 0.98	-0.1562	0.877
Number of stents
Unilateral	30	32		1.0003
Bilateral	2	3
Tumor type
Pancreatic cancer	14	21	1.820	0.403
Bile duct and gallbladder cancer	11	8
Gastrointestinal cancer metastasis	7	6
Combined infusion chemotherapy
Yes	13	14	0.003	0.958
No	19	21

¹Above the junction of the cystic duct and common hepatic duct is called high obstruction, below the junction is called low obstruction.

²t value, using independent sample t test.

³Using Fisher’s exact probability method. ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.

Table 2 Comparison of preoperative and postoperative changes in the two groups of patients

	Combined	Control	P value
Total bilirubin, μmoL/L			0.147
Before	358.98 ± 134.05	347.86 ± 131.73
After	180.08 ± 110.94	199.43 ± 113.88
P value	0.000	0.000
Direct bilirubin, μmoL/L			0.448
Before	196.02 ± 74.90	194.76 ± 73.52
After	97.89 ± 67.33	108.97 ± 66.91
P value	0.000	0.000
ALT, U/L			0.120
Before	209.82 ± 148.62	209.65 ± 152.53
After	80.73 ± 54.18	95.41 ± 68.73
P value	0.000	0.000
AST, U/L			0.387
Before	195.46 ± 154.29	193.51 ± 136.76
After	61.97 ± 47.25	80.71 ± 67.98
P value	0.000	0.000

ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase.

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analysis of overall survival

	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	HR	95%CI	P value	HR	95%CI	P value
ECOG score, < 2/2	1.569	(0.931-2.646)	0.091
Child rating, B/C	0.901	(0.504-1.610)	0.724
Type of obstruction, low/high	2.395	(1.412-4.062)	0.001	2.060	(1.153-3.678)	0.015
Obstruction length in cm	1.188	(0.904-1.560)	0.216
Number of stents, unilateral/bilateral	6.129	(2.310-16.262)	0.000	3.489	(1.094-11.126)	0.035
Tumor type1, pancreatic cancer/biliary cancer/gastrointestinal metastatic cancer	1.192	(0.665-2.135)	0.555
	0.532	(0.269-1.053)	0.070
Combined perfusion, yes/no	0.766	(0.465-1.264)	0.297

¹A dummy variable with pancreatic cancer set as a control, biliary cancer and gastrointestinal metastatic cancer are compared with pancreatic cancer. CI: Confidence interval; ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; HR: Hazard ratio.