Clinical Trials Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Clin Cases. Aug 6, 2021; 9(22): 6308-6318
Published online Aug 6, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i22.6308
Table 1 Follow-up and examination schedule
ItemImmediatelyDays 10-14Follow-up (mo)
1
6
Informed consent
Medical history
Physical examination
MMP-9
TIMP-1
Transthoracic echocardiography
CPET
Concomitant medication
Table 2 Patient characteristics at randomization to intervention and control groups, n (%)
Rehabilitation exercise group
Control group
n = 30
n = 30
Age (yr)55 ± 958 ± 8
Infarction area, n (%)
Anterior AMI18 (60)15 (50)
Non-anterior AMI12 (40)15 (50)
History of smoking, n (%)28 (93.3)24 (80)
Concomitant disease, n (%)
Diabetic mellitus2 (6.7)3 (10)
Hypertension5 (16.6)4 (13.3)
Hypercholesteremia3 (10)4 (13.3)
Drug therapy, n (%)
Aspirin30 (100)30 (100)
Clopidogrel29 (96.7)28 (93.3)
β-receptor blocker25 (83.3)28 (93.3)
ACEI/ARB29 (96.7)27 (90)
Statins28 (93.3)29 (96.7)
Table 3 Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in rehabilitation exercise and control groups
Baseline
6 mo after onset of myocardial infarction
Control group (n = 30)
Exercise group (n = 30)
Control group (n = 30)
Exercise group (n = 30)
Exercise time (min)8.19 ± 2.558.11 ± 2.699.37 ± 2.48a11.89 ± 2.34b
Anaerobic threshold (mL/min)958.64 ± 298.65977.23 ± 288.331235.88 ± 347.56b1388.07 ± 355.67b
Metabolic equivalent at anaerobic threshold3.76 ± 1.053.89 ± 1.014.58 ± 1.06b5.20 ± 1.19b
Peak oxygen uptake (mL/min)1272.37 ± 346.851267.35 ± 322.841507.88 ± 398.46b1664.67 ± 365.35b
Peak metabolic equivalent4.98 ± 1.034.87 ± 0.985.62 ± 1.01b6.38 ± 1.09b
Table 4 Differences of results of the two cardiopulmonary exercise tests of patients in the two groups
Changes of the two tests
Control group (n = 30)
Exercise group (n = 30)
Exercise time (min)1.13 ± 1.693.41 ± 2.88b
Anaerobic threshold (mL/min)252.13 ± 233.66405.36 ± 207.89a
Metabolic equivalent at anaerobic threshold0.82 ± 0.711.46 ± 0.82b
Peak oxygen uptake (mL/min)232.73 ± 254.96402.88 ± 258.35a
Peak metabolic equivalent0.77 ± 0.861.49 ± 0.93b
Table 5 Echocardiography results in rehabilitation exercise and control groups

Baseline value
6 mo
Control group (n = 30)Rehabilitation exercise group (n = 30)Control group (n = 30)Rehabilitation exercise group (n = 30)
LVEF56.1% ± 7.98%57.73% ± 7.89%53% ± 8.86%58.4% ± 8.6%a
LVRM positive results52.60%26.6%a
Table 6 Comparison of matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, and matrix metalloproteinase-9/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 ratio in rehabilitation exercise and control groups at different time points
Items
Time
Rehabilitation exercise group (n = 30)
Control group (n = 30)
MMP-9 (ng/mL)Immediately 6.7 ± 2.976.8 ± 3.12
Days 10-14 8.2 ± 2.58.1 ± 2.55
Day 30 4.2 ± 1.885.0 ± 1.98a
6 mo4.0 ± 1.875.1 ± 2.02a
TIMP-1 (ng/mL)Immediately 2.1 ± 0.522.1 ± 0.51
Days 10-14 2.4 ± 0.712.5 ± 0.65
Day 30 2.8 ± 0.673.0 ± 0.55a
6 mo2.7 ± 0.562.98 ± 0.51a
MMP-9/TIMP-1Immediately 3.05 ± 1.052.98 ± 1.03
Days 10-14 4.21 ± 1.584.11 ± 1.44
Day 30 1.78 ± 0.881.25 ± 0.66a
6 mo1.58 ± 0.671.22 ± 0.58a