Risk factors for intussusception in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura: A case-control study

Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics

Variable	Intussusception group (n = 60)	Non-intussusception group (n = 100)	P value
Sex, n (%)			0.383
Male	33 (55.0)	62 (62.0)
Female	27 (45.0)	38 (38.0)
Age at onset, n (%)			< 0.001
< 6 yr	27 (45.0)	9 (9.0)
≥ 6 yr	33 (55.0)	91 (91.0)
Duration of disease (d), n (%)			0.02
≤ 28	58 (96.7)	85 (85.0)
> 28	2 (3.3)	15 (15.0)
First episode, n (%)			0.017
Yes	57 (95.0)	80 (80.0)
No	3 (5.0)	20 (20.0)
GI tract malformation, n (%)			0.117
Yes	3 (5.0)	1 (1.0)
No	57 (95.0)	99 (99.0)
Receiving glucocorticoid therapy within 72 h of GI symptom emergence, n (%)			< 0.001
Yes	20 (33.3)	77 (77.0)
No	40 (66.7)	23 (23.0)
Vomiting, n (%)			< 0.001
Yes	39 (65.0)	27 (27.0)
No	21 (35.0)	73 (73.0)
Hematemesis, n (%)			0.204
Yes	7 (11.7)	6 (6.0)
No	53 (88.3)	94 (94.0)
Hematochezia, n (%)			< 0.001
Yes	33 (55.0)	14 (14.0)
No	27 (45.0)	86 (86.0)
White blood cell count, n (%)			0.014
< 10.0 × 109/L	21 (35.0)	55 (55.0)
≥ 10.0 × 109/L	39 (65.0)	45 (45.0)
Neutrophil count, n (%)			0.085
< 10.0 × 109/L	32 (53.3)	67 (67.0)
≥ 10.0 × 109/L	28 (46.3)	33 (33.0)
Platelet count, n (%)			0.168
< 300.0 × 109/L	11 (18.3)	28 (28.0)
≥ 300.0 × 109/L	49 (81.7)	72 (72.0)
C-reactive protein level, n (%)			0.072
≤ 8 mg/L	26 (43.3)	58 (58.0)
> 8 mg/L	34 (56.7)	42 (42.0)
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, n (%)			0.388
≤ 15 mm/h	50 (83.3)	73 (73.0)
> 15 mm/h	10 (16.7)	27 (27.0)
D-dimer level, n (%)			< 0.001
< 1 mg/L	7 (11.7)	70 (70.0)
≥ 1 mg/L	53 (88.3)	30 (30.0)

GI: Gastrointestinal.

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses of risk factors for intussusception in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura

	Univariate			Multivariate
	OR	95%CI	P value	OR	95%CI	P value
Age at onset	0.121	0.052-0.284	< 0.001	0.202	0.065-0.632	0.006
First episode	4.750	1.347-16.748	0.015	6.705	0.840-53.537	0.073
Duration of disease	0.195	0.043-0.887	0.034	0.208	0.018-2.382	0.207
Glucocorticoid therapy within 72 h	0.149	0.073-0.304	< 0.001	0.342	0.127-0. 920	0.034
Vomiting	5.021	2.518-10.012	< 0.001	2.138	0.795-5.749	0.132
Hematochezia	7.508	3.511-16.056	< 0.001	5.355	1.809-15.852	0.002
White blood cell count	2.270	1.172-4.395	0.015	1.217	0.440-3.363	0.705
D-dimer level	17.667	7.206-43.313	< 0.001	7.193	2.507-20.640	< 0.001

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.