Delayed retroperitoneal hemorrhage during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in COVID-19 patients: A case report and literature review

Table 1 Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation setting in the three patients

	Case 1	Case 2	Case 3
Mode	V-V	V-A-V	V-V
Return cannula location	Right femoral vein	Left femoral vein/ left femoral artery	Right femoral vein
Return cannula size (F)	19	19/17	19
Drainage cannula location	Right internal jugular vein	Right internal jugular vein	Right internal jugular vein
Drainage cannula size(F)	22	22	22
Initial bolus venous injection heparin dosage (U/kg)	25	25	50
Objective APTT (s)	40-60	40-60	60-80
ECMO start running to bleeding time (d)	8	9	18

In Case 1 and Case 2 the initial bolus venous injection heparin dosage was half the normal dose because to their advanced age. The anticoagulation target was also lower than normal. APTT: Activated partial thromboplastin time; ECMO: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.