Liver injury in COVID-19: Known and unknown

Table 1 Overview of included papers regarding coronavirus disease 2019

Ref.	Country	City	Sample size (n)	Male, n (%)	History of liver disease (%)	Abnormal liver bio-chemical indicators at admission or during hospitalization, n (%)
Chu et al[7]	China	Wuhan	838	464 (55.3)	NA	Elevated ALT 429 (51.1);Elevated AST 429 (51.1); Elevated TBIL 429 (51.1)
Piano et al[8]	Italy	NA	565	357 (63.1)	31 (6)	Elevated ALT 329 (58);Elevated AST 329 (58); Elevated TBIL 329 (58)
Huang et al[10]	China	Jiangsu	2623	1312 (50)	NA	Decreased albumin levels: 1230 (46.9) on the first laboratory test; 1435 (54.7) on the second test after hospitalization
Huang et al[11]	China	Shenzhen	417	198 (47.5)	21 (5.04)	318 (76.3) had abnormal liver test results;90 (21.5) had liver injury during hospitalization.
Fan et al[12]	China	Shanghai	148	75 (50.7)	NA	55 (37.2) with abnormal liver function tests on admission;45 (48.4) developed liver functional abnormality 7 d after admission
Wu et al[14]	China	YanchengWuxi	80	39 (48.7)	NA	Abnormal ALT 3 (3.75); Abnormal AST 3 (3.75); Abnormal Alb 2 (2.50)
Da et al[16]	United States	New York	5	3 (60)	NA	Abnormal ALT 5 (3.75); Abnormal AST 5 (3.75); Abnormal Alb 4 (2.50)
Da et al[17]	United States	New York	176	103 (58.5)	NA	Abnormal ALT 109 (61.9);Abnormal AST 109 (61.0),
Fu et al[18]	China	Wuhan Fuyang	355	190 (53.5)	16 (4.5)	151 (42.5) with cholestasis;101 (28.5) with hepato-cellular injury
Lin et al[19]	China	Chongqing	133	72 (54.1)	17 (12.7)	Elevated ALT 31 (23.3);Elevated AST 27 (20.3);
Zou et al[20]	China	Wuhan	105	55 (52.3)	105 (100)	Elevated ALT 22 (20.95); Elevated AST 29 (27.62);
Ji et al[21]	China	NA	202	113 (55.9)	NA	Elevated ALT 101 (50.0);Elevated AST 34 (16.8); Elevated TBIL 17 (8.4)
Sarin et al[22]	NA	NA	228	132 (57.8)	132 (100)	NA
Iavarone et al[23]	Italy	Lombardy	50	35 (70)	50 (100)	Elevated ALT 29 (58);Elevated AST 32 (67)

NA: Not available; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; TBIL: Total bilirubin.