PNPLA3 rs139051 is associated with phospholipid metabolite profile and hepatic inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

doi:10.12998/wjcc.v6.i10.355

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World Journal of Clinical Cases

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World J Clin Cases. Sep 26, 2018; 6(10): 355-364
Published online Sep 26, 2018. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v6.i10.355

Table 1 Relative standard deviation distribution in quality control samples

Percentage	Relative SD
Percentage	<10%	10%-15%	15%-20%	20%-30%	30%-50%
Peak number in total	10	47	32	10	1
Sum of peak number in total	10	57	89	99	100

Table 2 PNPLA3 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with serum lipidomics of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients

SNPs	Number of SNP-associated serum lipids
SNPs	CE	FFA	LPC	LPCO	LPE	PC	PCO	PE	PEO	TAG
rs139051 (A/A: A/G + G/G )	1	1	5	2	1	0	0	1	1	0
rs738408 (T/T: C/T + C/C)	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
rs738409 (G/G: C/G + C/C)	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
rs2072906 (G/G: A/G + A/A)	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
rs2294918 (G/G: A/A + A/G)	0	0	3	3	1	1	0	9	0	5
rs2294919 (C/C: C/T + T/T)	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
rs4823173 (A/A: A/G + G/G)	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

CE: Cholesteryl ester; FFA: Free fatty acid; LPC: Lysophosphatidylcholine; LPCO: Lysophosphatidylcholine plasmalogen; LPE: Lysophosphatdylethanolamine; NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; PC: Phosphatidylcholine; PCO: Choline plasmalogen; PE: Phosphatidylethanolamine; PEO: Ethanolamine plasmalogen; PNPLA3: Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3; SNP: Single nucleotide polymorphisms; TAG: Triacylglycerol.

Table 3 Effects of PNPLA3 rs139051 and rs2294918 on serum profile of phospholipid metabolites in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients

Phospholipid metabolites	SNPs
	rs139051			rs2294918
	A/A	A/G + G/G	P value	G/G	A/A + A/G	P value
LPC 17:0	0.148 ± 0.119	0.089 ± 0.032	0.045^a	0.143 ± 0.113	0.084 ± 0.023	0.023^a
LPC 18:0	5.501 ± 4.064	3.482 ± 1.032	0.045^a	5.199 ± 3.888	3.564 ± 0.941	0.068
LPC 20:0	0.019 ± 0.012	0.011 ± 0.005	0.013^a	0.018 ± 0.011	0.010 ± 0.005	0.008^a
LPC 20:1	0.035 ± 0.028	0.020 ± 0.072	0.031^a	0.033 ± 0.026	0.018 ± 0.007	0.017^a
LPC 20:2	0.046 ± 0.040	0.025 ± 0.090	0.037^a	0.042 ± 0.038	0.027 ± 0.010	0.091
LPC O-16:0	0.128 ± 0.109	0.078 ± 0.016	0.058	0.123 ± 0.102	0.075 ± 0.016	0.038^a
LPC O-16:1	0.111 ± 0.088	0.068 ± 0.016	0.046^a	0.106 ± 0.083	0.067 ± 0.014	0.041^a
LPC O-18:1	0.076 ± 0.071	0.041 ± 0.011	0.039^a	0.072 ± 0.067	0.040 ± 0.011	0.036^a
LPE 20:4	0.087 ± 0.037	0.116 ± 0.035	0.029^a	0.092 ± 0.040	0.113 ± 0.034	0.143
LPE 22:6	0.091 ± 0.044	0.113 ± 0.037	0.138	0.090 ± 0.036	0.122 ± 0.046	0.035^a
PC 32:1	1.574 ± 0.941	1.912 ± 1.167	0.358	1.450 ± 0.949	2.263 ± 1.036	0.030^a
PE 34:0	0.312 ± 0.018	0.325 ± 0.016	0.041^a	0.310 ± 0.015	0.332 ± 0.015	0.001^a
PE 34:2	0.335 ± 0.187	0.309 ± 0.159	0.673	0.280 ± 0.131	0.418 ± 0.219	0.028^a
PE 36:2	0.758 ± 0.349	0.702 ± 0.324	0.634	0.650 ± 0.271	0.913 ± 0.398	0.030^a
PE 36:4	0.282 ± 0.142	0.324 ± 0.169	0.435	0.246 ± 0.105	0.410 ± 0.181	0.015^a
PE 38:4	0.746 ± 0.349	0.830 ± 0.348	0.493	0.661 ± 0.228	1.031 ± 0.423	0.018^a
PE 38:5	0.079 ± 0.036	0.079 ± 0.034	0.960	0.070 ± 0.026	0.098 ± 0.043	0.025^a
PE 38:6	0.621 ± 0.431	0.613 ± 0.332	0.953	0.493 ± 0.232	0.878 ± 0.517	0.036^a
PE 40:5	0.053 ± 0.026	0.064 ± 0.033	0.305	0.047 ± 0.022	0.080 ± 0.030	0.001^a
PE 40:6	0.445 ± 0.316	0.451 ± 0.220	0.952	0.354 ± 0.174	0.644 ± 0.351	0.003^a
PE O-36:5	0.529 ± 0.192	0.699 ± 0.276	0.041^a	0.547 ± 0.171	0.707 ± 0.331	0.071

LPC: Lysophosphatidylcholine; LPCO: Lysophosphatidylcholine plasmalogen; LPE: Lysophosphatdylethanolamine; NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; PC: Phosphatidylcholine; PCO: Choline plasmalogen; PE: Phosphatidylethanolamine; PEO: Ethanolamine plasmalogen; PNPLA3: Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3. Values are expressed as mean ± SD. ^aP < 0.05.

Table 4 Phospholipid metabolites correlated with pathological characteristics of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Phospholipid metabolites	Steatosis		Lobular inflammation		Ballooning		Fibrosis
Phospholipid metabolites	rho	P value	rho	P value	rho	P value	rho	P value
LPC 17:0	0.149	0.399	-0.525	0.001^a	0.093	0.599	0.095	0.592
LPC 18:0	0.024	0.892	-0.478	0.004^a	0.136	0.442	0.089	0.618
LPC 20:0	-0.071	0.692	-0.585	0.000^a	0.010	0.956	0.082	0.645
LPC 20:1	-0.061	0.734	-0.489	0.003^a	-0.165	0.352	-0.072	0.686
LPC 20:2	0.092	0.604	-0.453	0.007^a	0.145	0.415	0.042	0.812
LPC O-16:0	0.297	0.088	-0.296	0.089	0.025	0.886	0.146	0.410
LPC O-16:1	0.070	0.695	-0.425	0.012^a	0.028	0.874	0.027	0.881
LPC O-18:1	-0.114	0.521	-0.407	0.017^a	-0.018	0.921	0.107	0.546
LPE 20:4	-0.079	0.658	0.107	0.547	0.071	0.690	-0.071	0.692
LPE 22:6	-0.274	0.117	0.054	0.764	0.125	0.481	0.173	0.327
PC 32:1	0.020	0.913	0.086	0.630	0.107	0.547	-0.069	0.699
PE 34:0	-0.012	0.946	0.193	0.275	-0.173	0.327	-0.146	0.410
PE 34:2	-0.054	0.762	-0.025	0.888	-0.043	0.809	-0.153	0.388
PE 36:2	-0.050	0.777	-0.079	0.659	-0.118	0.506	-0.257	0.143
PE 36:4	-0.091	0.608	0.150	0.398	0.121	0.495	-0.052	0.770
PE 38:4	-0.112	0.529	0.214	0.224	0.110	0.537	-0.065	0.716
PE 38:5	-0.234	0.182	0.178	0.313	-0.026	0.885	-0.096	0.587
PE 38:6	-0.151	0.393	0.096	0.588	0.176	0.320	0.105	0.554
PE 40:5	-0.013	0.944	0.132	0.457	0.049	0.783	-0.194	0.273
PE 40:6	-0.192	0.277	0.132	0.457	0.150	0.397	0.067	0.705
PE O-36:5	0.021	0.905	0.178	0.313	-0.205	0.245	-0.131	0.461

LPC: Lysophosphatidylcholine; LPCO: Lysophosphatidylcholine plasmalogen; LPE: Lysophosphatdylethanolamine; NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; PC: Phosphatidylcholine; PCO: Choline plasmalogen; PE: Phosphatidylethanolamine; PEO: Ethanolamine plasmalogen; rho: Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. ^aP < 0.05.

Citation: Luo JJ, Cao HX, Yang RX, Zhang RN, Pan Q. PNPLA3 rs139051 is associated with phospholipid metabolite profile and hepatic inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Clin Cases 2018; 6(10): 355-364
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v6/i10/355.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v6.i10.355