Value of glucose transport protein 1 expression in detecting lymph node metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer

Table 1 Correlation between glucose transport protein 1 expression and clinicopathological parameters

	GLUT-1 (center)		P value	GLUT-1 (periphery)		P value
	(-) (n = 83)	(+) (n = 86)		(-) (n = 78)	(+) (n = 91)
Age (yr ± SD)	64.0 ± 11.4	64.7 ± 12.6	0.740	64.0 ± 11.6	64.7 ± 12.4	0.718
Sex
Male	52	54	0.985	51	55	0.507
Female	31	32		27	36
Tumor size (mean ± SD)	4.9 ± 1.8	5.2 ± 2.0	0.277	5.1 ± 1.7	5.1 ± 2.1	0.932
T stage
T1, 2	16	7	0.035	11	12	0.836
T3, 4	67	79		67	79
N stage
N0	51	48	0.457	48	51	0.47
N1-2	32	38		30	40
AJCC stage
I, II	49	48	0.672	47	50	0.486
III, IV	34	38		31	41
Lymphatic invasion
Negative	70	72	0.913	64	78	0.517
Positive	13	14		14	13
Perineural invasion
Negative	66	73	0.361	68	71	0.12
Positive	17	13		10	20
Blood glucose level (mean ± SD)	110.5 ± 36.2	111.6 ± 25.8	0.818	112.4 ± 38.8	109.9 ± 23.2	0.612
SUVmax of primary tumor (mean ± SD)	12.3 ± 5.9	16.1 ± 7.4	<0.001	13.0 ± 6.4	15.3 ± 7.3	0.030
SUVmax of lymph node (mean ± SD)	1.04 ± 2.6	2.15 ± 3.1	0.012	0.99 ± 2.6	2.13 ± 3.0	0.010

GLUT-1: Glucose transport protein 1; SD: Standard deviation; AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer; SUV: Standardized uptake value.

Table 2 Predictive value of fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography based on glucose transport protein 1 expression

		Pathology	PET/CT diagnosis		Sensitivity	Specificity	PPV (%)	NPV (%)
			PET LN (+)	PET LN (-)	(%)	(%)
All patients (n = 169)		LN (+)	35	35	50	81.8	66.03	69.82
		LN (-)	18	81
Tumor center	GLUT-1 negative (n = 83)	LN (+)	12	20	37.5	88.2	66.6	69.2
		LN (-)	6	45
	GLUT-1 positive (n = 86)	LN (+)	23	15	60.5	75	65.7	70.6
		LN (-)	12	36
Tumor periphery	GLUT-1 negative (n = 78)	LN (+)	9	21	29	87.5	60	66.6
		LN (-)	6	42
	GLUT-1 positive (n = 91)	LN (+)	26	14	65	76.5	68.4	73.6
		LN (-)	12	39

GLUT-1: Glucose transport protein 1; FDG: Fluorodeoxyglucose; PET/CT: Positron emission tomography/computed tomography; LN: Lymph node; PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value

Table 3 The correlation between glucose transport protein 3 expression and clinicopathologic parameters

	GLUT-3 (center)		P value	GLUT-3 (periphery)		P value
	(-) (n = 153)	(+) (n = 12)		(-) (n = 78)	(+) (n = 91)
Age (yr), mean ± SD	64.5 ± 11.8	63.0 ± 14.6	0.729	64.1 ± 11.9	67.8 ± 13.0	0.194
Sex
Male	98	5	0.135	93	7	0.013
Female	55	7		49	13
Tumor size (mean ± SD)	5.07 ± 2.0	5.02 ± 2.0	0.931	5.05 ± 2.0	5.20 ± 1.6	0.743
T stage
T1, 2	20	2	0.663	20	1	0.475
T3, 4	133	10		122	19
N stage
N0	93	4	0.074	89	6	0.007
N1-2	60	8		53	14
AJCC stage
I, II	91	4	0.127	87	6	0.014
III, IV	62	8		53	14
Lymphatic invasion
Negative	128	11	0.693	120	17	1.000
Positive	25	1		22	33
Perineural invasion
Negative	127	8	0.234	117	17	1.000
Positive	26	4		25	3
Blood sugar level (mean ± SD)	111.3 ± 32.0	109.2 ± 26.9	0.803	112.7 ± 33.0	101.8 ± 20.3	0.150
SUV max of primary tumor (mean ± SD)	14.1 ± 7.5	13.5 ± 4.7	0.678	14.3 ± 7.6	12.9 ± 4.8	0.433
SUV max of lymph node (mean ± SD)	1.6 ± 2.8	2.8 ± 4.0	0.328	1.4 ± 2.7	3.8 ± 4.0	0.013

GLUT-3: Glucose transport protein 3; SD: Standard deviation; AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer; SUV: Standardized uptake value.

Table 4 The correlation between hexokinase-II expression and clinicopathologic parameters

	Hexokinase-II (center)		P value	Hexokinase-II (periphery)		P value
	(-) (n = 94)	(+) (n = 70)		(-) (n = 114)	(+) (n = 48)
Age (yr ± SD)	65.1 ± 12.3	63.5 ± 11.6	0.403	64.3 ± 12.3	64.8 ± 11.5	0.806
Sex
Male	61	41	0.409	73	27	0.352
Female	33	29		41	21
Tumor size (mean ± SD)	5.1 ± 1.8	5.1 ± 2.2	0.976	5.1 ± 2.0	5.1 ± 1.9	0.977
T stage
T1, 2	15	7	0.268	16	5	0.531
T3, 4	79	63		98	43
N stage
N0	54	42	0.743	68	28	0.876
N1-2	40	28		46	20
AJCC stage
I, II	53	41	0.779	67	27	0.766
III, IV	41	29		47	21
Lymphatic invasion
Negative	77	61	0.365	97	40	0.778
Positive	17	9		17	8
Perineural invasion
Negative	75	60	0.325	95	38	0.528
Positive	19	10		19	10
Blood glucose level (mean ± SD)	105.2 ± 22.8	116.8 ± 35.1	0.017	110.2 ± 32.0	113.9 ± 31.3	0.493
SUVmax of primary tumor (mean ± SD)	14.0 ± 7.1	14.2 ± 7.7	0.874	14.3 ± 7.2	13.9 ± 7.7	0.786
SUVmax of lymph node (mean ± SD)	1.6 ± 2.8	1.8 ± 3.2	0.712	1.5 ± 2.6	2.0 ± 3.7	0.450

SD: Standard deviation; AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer; SUV: Standardized uptake value.

Table 5 The correlation between hypoxia-induced factor-1 expression and clinicopathologic parameters

	HIF-1 (center)		P value	HIF-1 (periphery)		P value
	(-) (n = 94)	(+) (n = 72)		(-) (n = 89)	(+) (n = 75)
Age (yr), mean ± SD	64.0 ± 12.4	65.1 ± 11.5	0.576	63.5 ± 12.6	65.6 ± 11.3	0.246
Sex
Male	59	45	0.972	58	45	0.495
Female	35	27		31	30
Tumor size (mean ± SD)	4.7 ± 1.7	5.5 ± 2.2	0.014	4.8 ± 1.7	5.3 ± 2.2	0.082
T stage
T1, 2	17	6	0.071	16	7	0.112
T3, 4	77	66		73	68
N stage
N0	59	38	0.196	57	40	0.164
N1-2	35	34		32	35
AJCC stage
I, II	57	38	0.310	55	40	0.274
III, IV	37	34		34	35
Lymphatic invasion
Negative	80	60	0.755	76	62	0.634
Positive	14	12		13	13
Perineural invasion
Negative	77	59	0.996	73	61	0.909
Positive	17	13		16	14
Blood glucose level (mean ± SD)	109.91 ± 30.8	112.29 ± 32.6	0.632	108.97 ± 32.2	113.69 ± 31.1	0.342
SUVmax of primary tumor (mean ± SD)	14.0 ± 7.1	14.0 ± 7.6	0.979	14.2 ± 7.0	13.8 ± 7.9	0.754
SUVmax of lymph node (mean ± SD)	1.4 ± 2.9	2.0 ± 2.9	0.229	1.6 ± 2.9	1.8 ± 2.9	0.713

HIF-1: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1; SD: Standard deviation; AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer; SUV: Standardized uptake value.