Relevant detection indicator of prethrombotic state in patients with primary hypertension

doi:10.12998/wjcc.v11.i24.5678

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Aug 26, 2023 (publication date) through Feb 18, 2025

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World Journal of Clinical Cases

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Study

World J Clin Cases. Aug 26, 2023; 11(24): 5678-5691
Published online Aug 26, 2023. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i24.5678

Table 1 Comparison of baseline data of participants in four groups

Baseline data		Grade 1 hypertension experimental group (n = 40)	Grade 2 hypertension experimental group (n = 40)	Grade 3 hypertension experimental group (n = 40)	Control group (n = 40)	Statistical values	P value
Age (yr)	< 60	31	29	30	28	χ² = 0.646	0.886
Age (yr)	≥ 60	9	11	10	12	χ² = 0.646	0.886
Sex	Male	28	25	23	25	χ² = 1.369	0.713
Sex	Female	12	15	17	15	χ² = 1.369	0.713
Combined diabetes	Yes	10	8	9	10	χ² = 0.387	0.946
Combined diabetes	No	30	32	31	30	χ² = 0.387	0.946
BMI (kg/m²)	≤ 24	15	14	15	13	χ² = 0.300	0.960
BMI (kg/m²)	> 24	25	26	25	27	χ² = 0.300	0.960
Smoking history	Yes	12	10	12	11	χ² = 0.340	0.952
Smoking history	No	28	30	28	29	χ² = 0.340	0.952
Drinking history	Yes	10	11	13	11	χ² = 0.587	0.899
Drinking history	No	30	29	27	29	χ² = 0.587	0.899
NYHA cardiac functional classification	Grade I	33	31	32	33	Z = 0.588	0.557
	Grade II	6	7	8	7
	Grade III	1	2	0	0
	Grade IV	0	0	0	0
Course of hypertension (mean ± SD, yr)		5.25 ± 2.15	5.35 ± 2.25	5.47 ± 2.17	-	F = 0.110	0.896

BMI: Body mass index; NYHA: New York Heart Association.

Table 2 Comparison of expression of relevant indicators of inflammation and vascular endothelial injury among the four groups (mean ± SD)

Group	Number of patients	hs-CRP (mmol/L)	TM (μg/L)
Grade 1 hypertension experimental group	40	2.05 ± 0.85	20.15 ± 1.05
Grade 2 hypertension experimental group	40	4.15 ± 1.05	22.85 ± 1.35
Grade 3 hypertension experimental group	40	5.45 ± 1.20	26.12 ± 2.25
Control group	40	1.72 ± 0.32	5.41 ± 1.20
F value	-	149.720	1420.213
P value	-	< 0.001	< 0.001

hs-CRP: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein; TM: Thrombomodulin.

Table 3 Comparison of hemorheological indexes among the four groups (mean ± SD)

Group	Number of cases	Hct (%)	ESR (mm/h)
Grade 1 hypertension experimental group	40	40.85 ± 3.15	30.25 ± 5.85
Grade 2 hypertension experimental group	40	41.25 ± 3.45	42.15 ± 6.25
Grade 3 hypertension experimental group	40	43.25 ± 4.25	60.15 ± 8.15
Control group	40	39.56 ± 2.85	25.12 ± 5.05
F value	-	7.810	234.107
P value	-	< 0.001	< 0.001

Hct: Hematocrit; ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate,

Table 4 Comparison of platelet-related indicators among the four groups (mean ± SD)

Group	Number of patients	CD62P (%)	PLT (× 10⁹)
Grade 1 hypertension experimental group	40	8.85 ± 1.18	115.68 ± 40.15
Grade 2 hypertension experimental group	40	11.12 ± 1.35	108.56 ± 35.85
Grade 3 hypertension experimental group	40	13.10 ± 1.75	95.25 ± 30.12
Control group	40	6.25 ± 1.05	135.25 ± 50.12
F value	-	190.280	7.052
P value	-	< 0.001	< 0.001

CD62P: P-selectin on platelet surface; PLT: Platelet count.

Table 5 Comparison of coagulation related indicators among the four groups (mean ± SD)

Group	Number of patients	APTT (s)	PT (s)	TT (s)	FIB (g/L)
Grade 1 hypertension experimental group	40	29.25 ± 2.71^b	11.98 ± 0.50^b	15.95 ± 1.08^b	3.20 ± 0.51^b
Grade 2 hypertension experimental group	40	27.25 ± 2.24^a	10.82 ± 0.92^a	15.01 ± 0.89^a	5.12 ± 0.68^a
Grade 3 hypertension experimental group	40	25.42 ± 1.52^a	10.02 ± 0.34^a	14.02 ± 0.65^a	6.19 ± 1.15^a
Control group	40	30.12 ± 2.65	12.31 ± 0.52	16.08 ± 1.12	3.01 ± 0.42
F value	-	315.25	105.522	174.218	82.151
P value	-	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05.

^bP > 0.05 vs control group.

APTT: Activated partial thromboplastin time; PT: Prothrombin; TT: Plasma thrombin time; FIB: Fibrinogen.

Table 6 Logistic regression analysis of the above indicators and prethrombotic state of primary hypertension

Variable	B	SE	Wals	P value	OR value	95%CI
Variable	B	SE	Wals	P value	OR value	Upper limit	Lower limit
Constant	-2.717	0.665	16.720	< 0.001	0.066	-	-
hs-CRP	1.535	0.307	25.086	< 0.001	4.643	2.546	8.468
TM	0.684	0.248	7.584	0.006	1.982	1.218	3.226
Hct	0.184	0.058	10.219	0.001	1.202	1.074	1.346
ESR	0.226	0.042	29.282	< 0.001	1.254	1.155	1.361
CD62P	2.261	0.486	21.684	< 0.001	9.592	3.704	24.842
PLT	0.017	0.005	12.958	< 0.001	1.017	1.008	1.027
APTT	0.716	0.128	11.664	< 0.001	1.926	1.421	2.158
PT	0.805	0.148	15.660	< 0.001	2.192	1.605	2.840
TT	0.924	0.108	13.348	< 0.001	2.490	1.808	3.418
FIB	5.212	0.863	19.566	< 0.001	88.423	18.137	427.013

hs-CRP: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein; TM: Thrombomodulin; Hct: Hematocrit; ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CD62P: P-selectin on platelet surface; PLT: Platelet count; APTT: Activated partial thromboplastin time; PT: Prothrombin; TT: Plasma thrombin time; FIB: Fibrinogen.

Table 7 Efficacy analysis of each indicator in predicting primary hypertension

Indicator	AUC	95%CI for AUC	Standard error	P value	Cut-off value	Sensitivity	Specificity
hs-CRP	0.890	0.840-0.941	0.026	< 0.001	1.135	0.950	0.975
TM	0.989	0.972-1.000	0.009	< 0.001	18.345	0.992	0.05
Hct	0.676	0.586-0.766	0.046	0.001	34.990	0.967	0.975
ESR	0.911	0.867-0.955	0.022	< 0.001	17.365	0.992	0.975
CD62P	0.982	0.966-0.997	0.008	< 0.001	6.635	0.992	0.325
PLT	0.680	0.572-0.788	0.055	0.001	47.290	0.975	0.975
APTT	0.987	0.973-1.000	0.007	< 0.001	38.650	0.992	0.650
PT	0.942	0.908-0.975	0.017	< 0.001	12.810	0.992	0.875
TT	0.929	0.890-0.968	0.020	< 0.001	12.680	0.992	0.975
FIB	0.957	0.929-0.986	0.015	< 0.001	2.110	0.975	0.267

AUC: Area under the curve; hs-CRP: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein; TM: Thrombomodulin; Hct: Hematocrit; ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CD62P: P-selectin on platelet surface; PLT: Platelet count; APTT: Activated partial thromboplastin time; PT: Prothrombin; TT: Plasma thrombin time; FIB: Fibrinogen.

Table 8 Efficacy analysis of each indicator in predicting primary hypertension

Indicator	hs-CRP	TM	Hct	ESR	CD62P	PLT	APTT	PT	TT	FIB
hs-CRP	-	0.792^a	0.237 (0.003)	0.782^a	0.753^a	-0.296^a	-0.794^a	-0.652^a	-0.631^a	0.802^a
TM	0.792^a	-	0.300^a	0.818^a	0.813^a	-0.329^a	-0.856^a	-0.734^a	-0.682^a	0.846^a
Hct	0.237 (0.003)	0.300^a	-	0.317^a	0.279^a	-0.113 (0.153)	-0.295^a	-0.201 (0.011)	-0.279^a	0.318^a
ESR	0.782^a	0.818^a	0.317^a	-	0.788^a	-0.267 (0.001)	-0.821^a	-0.665^a	-0.626^a	0.830^a
CD62P	0.753^a	0.813^a	0.279^a	0.788^a	-	-0.246 (0.002)	-0.850^a	-0.707^a	-0.668^a	0.814^a
PLT	-0.296^a	-0.329^a	-0.113 (0.153)	-0.267 (0.001)	-0.246 (0.002)	-	0.331^a	0.214 (0.007)	0.223 (0.005)	-0.272 (0.001)
APTT	0.794^a	0.856^a	0.295^a	0.821^a	0.850^a	-0.331	-	0.677^a	0.681^a	-0.843^a
PT	0.652^a	0.734^a	0.201 (0.011)	0.665^a	0.707^a	-0.214 (0.007)	0.677^a	-	0.534^a	-0.739^a
TT	0.631^a	0.682^a	0.279^a	0.626^a	0.668^a	-0.223 (0.005)	0.681^a	0.534^a	-	-0.674^a
FIB	0.802^a	0.846^a	0.318^a	0.830^a	0.814^a	-0.272 (0.001)	-0.843^a	-0.739^a	-0.674^a	-

^aP < 0.05.

Citation: Luo J, Yang T, Ding L, Xiong JH, Ying T, Xu F. Relevant detection indicator of prethrombotic state in patients with primary hypertension. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11(24): 5678-5691
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v11/i24/5678.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v11.i24.5678