Significance of serum glucagon-like peptide-1 and matrix Gla protein levels in patients with diabetes and osteoporosis

doi:10.12998/wjcc.v10.i5.1527

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Feb 16, 2022 (publication date) through Nov 28, 2024

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World Journal of Clinical Cases

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2307-8960

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Clin Cases. Feb 16, 2022; 10(5): 1527-1535
Published online Feb 16, 2022. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i5.1527

Table 1 Single factor analysis of general data of the three groups of study participants, n (%)

Factors	Case group (n = 60)	Control group (n = 60)	Healthy group (n = 60)	F/χ²/t	P value
Age (yr)	66.78 ± 5.85	61.83 ± 5.36	61.92 ± 5.48	15.563	0.000
Course of disease (yr)	12.99 ± 4.01	8.98 ± 3.83	-	5.601	0.000
BMI (kg/m²)	24.52 ± 2.32	24.73 ± 2.49	23.68 ± 2.05	3.510	0.032
FPG (mmol/L)	8.50 ± 1.50	8.27 ± 1.24	5.77 ± 0.61	99.314	0.000
HbA1c (%)	9.18 ± 1.12	8.76 ± 1.26	5.89 ± 0.70	184.683	0.000
Sex				5.896	0.052
Male	15 (25.00)	25 (41.67)	27 (45.00)
Female	45 (75.00)	35 (58.33)	33 (55.00)
Smoking				2.553	0.279
Yes	9 (15.00)	16 (26.67)	14 (23.33)
No	51 (85.00)	44 (73.33)	46 (76.67)
Drinking				2.182	0.336
Yes	7 (11.67)	11 (18.33)	13 (21.67)
No	53 (88.33)	49 (81.67)	47 (78.33)
Hypertension				23.054	0.000
Yes	15 (25.00)	20 (33.33)	0 (0.00)
No	45 (75.00)	40 (66.67)	60 (100.00)
Coronary heart disease				9.449	0.009
Yes	5 (8.33)	9 (15.00)	0 (0.00)
No	55 (91.67)	51 (85.00)	60 (100.00)

BMI: body mass index; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose.

Table 2 Comparison of serum glucagon-like peptide-1 and matrix Gla protein levels in the three groups of study participants (mean ± SD)

Group	n	GLP-1 (pmol/L)	MGP (nmol/L)
Case group	60	9.19 ± 1.10	7.88 ± 0.92
Control group	60	13.88 ± 1.65	9.77 ± 1.52
Healthy group	60	17.07 ± 2.48	10.79 ± 1.63
F		280.527	67.487
P value		0.000	0.000

GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1; MGP: Matrix Gla protein.

Table 3 Comparison of bone density and bone metabolic marker levels of the three groups of study participants (mean ± SD)

Group	n	Lumbar spine (g/m²)	Hip joint (g/m²)	BALP (μg/mL)	P1NP (ng/mL)	BGP (μgmL)	β-CTX (ng/mL)
Case group	60	0.69 ± 0.08	0.66 ± 0.09	4.08 ± 1.20	49.16 ± 4.08	15.92 ± 4.08	0.49 ± 0.08
Control group	60	0.95 ± 0.14	0.83 ± 0.10	4.03 ± 0.84	44.41 ± 2.75	14.40 ± 2.75	0.44 ± 0.08
Healthy group	60	1.08 ± 0.16	0.99 ± 0.14	4.07 ± 0.82	31.59 ± 2.38	12.14 ± 2.38	0.41 ± 0.10
F		142.637	130.422	0.036	122.211	21.822	14.496
P value		0.000	0.000	0.965	0.000	0.000	0.000

BALP: Bone alkaline phosphatase; P1NP: Type 1 procollagen amino-terminal propeptide; BGP: Osteocalcin; β-CTX: Special sequence of carboxy-terminal peptide β of type 1 collagen.

Table 4 Correlation analysis results

Index	Relativity	Lumbar spine (g/m²)	Hip joint (g/m²)
GLP-1 (pmol/L)	r	0.707	0.691
GLP-1 (pmol/L)	P value	0.000	0.000
MGP (nmol/L)	r	0.571	0.546
MGP (nmol/L)	P value	0.000	0.000

GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1; MGP: Matrix Gla protein.

Table 5 Correlation between serum glucagon-like peptide-1, matrix Gla protein levels, and bone metabolism marker levels

Index	Relativity	BALP (μg/mL)	P1NP (ng/mL)	BGP (μgmL)	β-CTX (ng/mL)
GLP-1 (pmol/L)	r	0.192	-0.401	-0.386	-0.377
GLP-1 (pmol/L)	P value	0.163	0.000	0.003	0.005
MGP (nmol/L)	r	0.155	-0.421	-0.419	-0.351
MGP (nmol/L)	P value	0.227	0.000	0.000	0.010

GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1; MGP: Matrix Gla protein; BALP: Bone alkaline phosphatase; P1NP: Type 1 procollagen amino-terminal propeptide; BGP: Osteocalcin; β-CTX: Special sequence of carboxy-terminal peptide β of type 1 collagen.

Table 6 Factor analysis of the logistic regression model

Index		SE	Walds	P value	OR	95%CI
Age	0.551	0.225	5.997	0.007	1.735	1.116	2.697
Course of disease	0.494	0.240	4.237	0.048	1.639	1.024	2.623
BMI	0.381	0.211	3.261	0.094	1.464	0.968	2.213
FPG	0.307	0.184	2.784	0.116	1.359	0.948	1.950
HbA1c	0.502	0.316	2.524	0.131	1.652	0.889	3.069
Hypertension	0.484	0.408	1.407	0.248	1.623	0.729	3.610
Coronary heart disease	0.490	0.411	1.421	0.241	1.632	0.729	3.653
GLP-1	-0.616	0.277	4.945	0.039	0.540	0.314	0.930
MGP	-0.573	0.254	5.089	0.037	0.564	0.343	0.928
β-CTX	0.184	0.152	1.465	0.237	1.202	0.892	1.619
BALP	0.207	0.182	1.294	0.301	1.230	0.861	1.757
BGP	0.118	0.104	1.287	0.316	1.125	0.918	1.380

BMI: body mass index; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1; MGP: Matrix Gla protein; BALP: Bone alkaline phosphatase; P1NP: Type 1 procollagen amino-terminal propeptide; BGP: Osteocalcin; β-CTX: Special sequence of carboxy-terminal peptide β of type 1 collagen.

Citation: Xie FF, Zhang YF, Hu YF, Xie YY, Wang XY, Wang SZ, Xie BQ. Significance of serum glucagon-like peptide-1 and matrix Gla protein levels in patients with diabetes and osteoporosis. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10(5): 1527-1535
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v10/i5/1527.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v10.i5.1527