Psychosocial adaptation and influencing factors among patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy

Table 1 Self-Report Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale for patients with different demographic data (means ± SD, score) (n = 233)

Variables	n (%)	Score	t/F	P value
Age
≥ 65	118 (50.6)	53.8 ± 12.21	1.51	0.13
< 65	115 (49.4)	51.19 ± 14.03
Ethnicity
Han ethnicity	231 (99.1)	52.54 ± 13.18	0.32	0.75
Other	2 (0.9)	49.5 ± 17.68
Religiosity
No	228 (97.9)	52.44 ± 13.21	-0.56	0.57
Yes	5 (2.1)	55.8 ± 12.15
Education level
Never went to school	25 (10.7)	58.92 ± 11.09	4.926	0.01
Primary school	48 (20.6)	56.4 ± 14.93
Middle school	136 (58.4)	51.22 ± 12.45
Junior college	20 (8.6)	45.55 ± 11.23
Undergraduate or above	4 (1.7)	44.5 ± 10.28
Marital status
Unmarried	5 (2.1)	45.6 ± 15.08	0.99	0.4
Married	208 (89.3)	52.99 ± 12.96
Divorced	5 (2.1)	50.8 ± 12.79
Widowed	15 (6.4)	48.73 ± 15.65
Working status
Full-time	4 (1.7)	46 ± 16.51	5.94	0.01
Full rest	99 (42.5)	55.3 ± 12.23
Semi-retired	19 (8.2)	42.42 ± 13.28
Retired	111 (47.6)	51.98 ± 13.04
Residence
Provincial capital	2 (0.9)	41 ± 18.38	0.77	0.47
Small and medium cities	126 (54.1)	52.64 ± 13.01
Rural	105 (45.1)	52.57 ± 13.34
Living alone
No	223 (95.7)	53 ± 12.98	2.71	0.01
Yes	10 (4.3)	41.6 ± 13.38
With caregivers
No	30 (12.9)	46.57 ± 13.58	-2.68	0.01
Yes	203 (87.1)	53.39 ± 12.92
Medical payments
Medical insurance	214 (91.8)	52.6 ± 13.28	0.34	0.74
Self-pay	19 (8.2)	51.53 ± 12.23
Cancer diagnoses
Digestive system	156 (67)	51.79 ± 12.98	1.87	0.1
Respiratory system	20 (8.6)	54.5 ± 8.55
Breast cancer and female reproductive system	46 (19.7)	52.67 ± 13.98
Urinary system	3 (1.3)	52 ± 23.07
Hematologic and lymphoid neoplasms	6 (2.6)	54.67 ± 15.83
Other	2 (0.9)	79 ± 7.07
Tumor stage
I	4 (1.7)	41 ± 6.78	5.33	0.01
II	40 (17.2)	46.7 ± 13
III	67 (28.8)	52.18 ± 12.57
IV	122 (52.4)	54.98 ± 13.01
CIPN grade
1	30 (12.9)	51.67 ± 13.55	2.96	0.03
2	162 (69.5)	51.31 ± 12.63
3	39 (16.7)	57.59 ± 13.78
4	2 (0.9)	63.5 ± 23.33
Smoking
No	228 (97.9)	52.67 ± 13.04	1.26	0.21
Yes	5 (2.1)	45.2 ± 18.7
Constipation
No	189 (81.1)	51.59 ± 13.56	-2.24	0.03
Yes	44 (18.9)	56.48 ± 10.63
Memory difficulties
No	180 (77.3)	51.73 ± 13.64	-1.68	0.1
Yes	53 (22.7)	55.17 ± 11.19
Presence of comorbidities
Yes	156 (67)	53.04 ± 12.95	0.88	0.38
No	77 (33)	51.43 ± 13.64
Traditional Chinese herbal medicine treatment
No	220 (94.4)	52.42 ± 13.2	-0.44	0.66
Yes	13 (5.6)	54.08 ± 13.19
Exercise intensity
Low	187 (80.3)	54.11 ± 12.87	7.34	0.01
Moderate	32 (13.7)	46.13 ± 12.73
High	14 (6)	45.79 ± 12.55
Gender
Male	116 (49.8)	51 ± 11.83	-1.73	0.08
Female	117 (50.2)	54.02 ± 14.27
Family per capita monthly income
< 500	33 (14.2)	55.48 ± 11.91	10.11	0.12
500-999	25 (10.7)	51.52 ± 13.1
1000-1999	47 (20.2)	55.64 ± 12.64
2000-2999	51 (21.9)	51.78 ± 11.5
3000-3999	25 (10.7)	52 ± 14.45
4000-4999	15 (6.4)	53.93 ± 20.08
5000 or more	37 (15.9)	47.32 ± 11.97
Body mass index (BMI) kg/m2
Underweight < 18.5	32 (13.7)	55.66 ± 12.56	2.68	0.26
18.5 ≤ normal weight < 25	161 (69.1)	52.61 ± 12.85
Overweight ≥ 25	40 (17.2)	49.58 ± 14.58
Occupation
Corporate administrators	15 (6.4)	44.73 ± 9.59	20.16	0.01
Professional technical personnel	18 (7.7)	48.5 ± 12.43
Clerical workers and operations staff	13 (5.6)	46.69 ± 13.19
Workers and operators	80 (34.3)	55 ± 13.46
Services	10 (4.3)	45.1 ± 10.99
Agriculture, forestry, and fishery production personnel	62 (26.6)	54.73 ± 12.52
Homemaker	13 (5.6)	56.46 ± 13.31
Freelance	22 (9.4)	50.27 ± 13.62
Treatment regimen
Chemotherapy only	58 (24.9)	54.69 ± 11.75	3.73	0.16
Surgery + chemotherapy	146 (62.7)	51.27 ± 14.09
Chemotherapy + radiotherapy	6 (2.6)	49.17 ± 13.38
Surgery + chemotherapy + radiotherapy	23 (9.9)	55.78 ± 9.35
Neurotrophic drugs
No	217 (93.1)	52.28 ± 13.47	-1.31	0.19
Yes	16 (6.9)	55.63 ± 7.74

Table 2 Correlation analysis of CIPN20 dimensions with Self-Report Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale scores

		PAIS-SR total score	Sub1	Sub2	Sub3	Sub4	Sub5	Sub6	Sub7
Sensory neuropathy	r	0.206	0.124	0.039	0.172	0.075	0.125	0.059	0.183
	P	0.01	0.06	0.56	0.01	0.25	0.06	0.37	0.01
Motor neuropathy	r	0.356	0.150	0.195	0.254	0.109	0.201	0.140	0.299
	P	< 0.01	0.02	0.01	< 0.01	0.1	0.01	0.03	< 0.01
Autonomic neuropathy	r	0.523	0.178	0.142	0.710	0.167	0.216	0.212	0.378
	P	< 0.01	0.01	0.03	< 0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	< 0.01

PAIS-SR: Self-Report Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale; Sub1: Health care; Sub2: Professional environment; Sub3: Family environment; Sub4: Sexual environment; Sub5: Extended family relationships; Sub6: Social environment; Sub7: Psychological condition.

Table 3 Multifactorial analysis of Self-Report Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale scores in patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy

	β		B	t	Significant	Collinearity statistics	VIF
	B	SE	Beta			Tolerance
(Constants)	31.655	4.289		7.380	0.00
Autonomic neuropathy	4.192	0.526	0.424	7.977	0.01	0.874	1.145
Tumor stage	2.871	0.827	0.178	3.471	0.01	0.938	1.066
Motor neuropathy	1.050	0.309	0.210	3.404	0.01	0.648	1.543
Living alone	-11.250	3.302	-0.173	-3.407	0.01	0.951	1.052
Education level	-2.636	0.815	-0.168	-3.236	0.01	0.918	1.090
With caregivers	4.944	2.000	0.126	2.472	0.01	0.949	1.053
Semi-retired	-5.926	2.454	-0.123	-2.415	0.02	0.944	1.059
CIPN grade	-2.933	1.381	-0.128	-2.124	0.04	0.682	1.466

CIPN: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.

Table 4 Analysis of the effect of factors influencing psychosocial adaptation of patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy

Path	Direct effects	SE	CR	P value	Indirect effects	Total effects
CIPN grade→QLQ-CIPN20	0.808	0.100	4.213	< 0.01		0.808
Tumor stage→QLQ-CIPN20	0.162	0.024	2.477	0.01		0.162
QLQ-CIPN20→PAIS-SR	0.830	1.393	2.875	0.01		0.830
CIPN grade→PAIS-SR	-0.535	0.493	-2.730	0.01	0.670	0.136
Tumor stage→PAIS-SR					0.135	0.135
Semi-retired→PAIS-SR	-0.021	0.386	-0.292	0.77		-0.021
Education level→PAIS-SR	-0.366	0.151	-4.174	< 0.01		-0.366
With caregivers→PAIS-SR	0.181	0.324	2.411	0.02		0.181

PAIS-SR: Self-Report Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale; CIPN: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy; QLQ-CIPN20: Quality of Life CIPN20.