Effect of Xuebijing injection on myocardium during cardiopulmonary bypass: A prospective, randomized, double blind trial

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients allocated to the Xuebijing injection and control (saline) groups

	Saline group (n = 30)	XBJ group (n = 30)	P value
Age (yr)	57.4 ± 5.3	56.8 ± 6.2	0.69
Male	18	20
Weight (kg)	63.6 ± 5.8	65.4 ± 5.6	0.22
Diabetes mellitus (n)	5	7	0.44
Preoperative LVEF (%)	51.7 ± 8.5	52.5 ± 7.6	0.71
Ejection fraction	50.2 ± 3.2	50.3 ± 3.8	0.91
Preoperative medications (n)
β-blockers	8	6	0.54
Calcium channel blockers	5	7	0.52
Renin angiotensin system inhibitors	5	3	0.44
Statin	4	2	0.39
Digoxin	6	8	0.54
Diuretics	16	19	0.43
Surgical procedure (n)
Aortic valve replacement	8	11	0.40
Mitral valve replacement	10	9	0.78
Tricuspid annuloplasty	12	10	0.59
Pulmonary function test
FVC; % predicted	82.8 ± 7.4	81.9 ± 8.1	0.65
Operation time (min)	257 ± 38	271 ± 41	0.17
CPB time (min)	104 ± 31	111 ± 27	0.35
Intraoperative fluid balance (mL)	2138 ± 348	2215 ± 387	0.42

Data are expressed as mean ± SD (normally distributed data) or median (interquartile range). Chi-square analysis was used for categorical variables, independent t test for normally distributed data. FVC: Forced vital capacity; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; XBJ: Xuebijing injection.

Table 2 Comparison of postoperative outcomes between the Xuebijing injection and control (saline) groups

	Saline group (n = 30)	XBJ group (n = 30)	P value
Ejection fraction (day 2)	42.2 ± 2.7	46.3 ± 3.7	0.001
Mechanical ventilation time (h)	10.5 ± 2.6	8.9 ± 1.7	0.006
Length of ICU stay (h)	31.6 ± 5.2	28.9 ± 4.4	0.034
Time from surgery to discharge (d)	12.5 ± 3.8	10.7 ± 2.6	0.032
ARDS (n)	3	4	0.687

Data are expressed as mean ± SD (normally distributed data) or median (interquartile range). Chi-square analysis was used for categorical variables, independent t test for normally distributed data. ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome; ICU: Intensive care unit; XBJ: Xuebijing injection.

Table 3 Comparison of dynamic changes in respiratory function and inflammation- and oxidative stress-related markers during the perioperative periods between the Xuebijing injection and control groups

Group		Baseline	0 h	12 h	24 h	48 h
PaO2/FiO2	Saline	398.40 ± 22.66	361.92 ± 48.62	258.93 ± 39.03	320.64 ± 46.43	341.44 ± 35.28
	XBJ	387.12 ± 35.77	358.48 ± 39.21	289.40 ± 44.07a	353.34 ± 31.54a	379.08 ± 22.54a
CK-MB	Saline	0.26 ± 0.07	0.71 ± 0.12	2.74 ± 0.48	4.25 ± 0.83	1.95 ± 0.62
	XBJ	0.26 ± 0.08	0.58 ± 0.12	2.27 ± 0.33a	3.02 ± 0.44a	1.09 ± 0.37a
TnI	Saline	0.02 ± 0.01	1.45 ± 0.28	8.01 ± 1.13	13.03 ± 2.56	4.03 ± 0.92
	XBJ	0.02 ± 0.01	1.38 ± 0.93	4.77 ± 0.76a	8.29 ± 1.73a	3.16 ± 0.43a
TNF-α	Saline	13.51 ± 4.19	71.18 ± 29.21	147.36 ± 43.84	226.31 ± 60.22	122.48 ± 55.18
	XBJ	15.61 ± 4.51	70.69 ± 27.24	125.64 ± 34.44a	173.61 ± 40.03a	99.96 ± 33.37a
IL-1β	Saline	16.98 ± 4.14	32.95 ± 9.05	92.31 ± 18.45	78.43 ± 17.54	62.71 ± 15.40
	XBJ	13.13 ± 4.22	28.23 ± 6.24	77.25 ± 9.16a	66.15 ± 12.18a	43.60 ± 13.33a
IL-8	Saline	831.36 ± 136.86	1002.73 ± 180.26	1530.90 ± 235.96	1400.83 ± 268.85	1134.86 ± 211.41
	XBJ	767.30 ± 155.86	960.43 ± 187.49	1369.93 ± 244.21a	1251.76 ± 240.81a	984.86 ± 184.43a
IL-10	Saline	90.60 ± 15.82	121.96 ± 18.15	167.41 ± 18.54	152.53 ± 33.94	121.26 ± 20.73
	XBJ	87.27 ± 20.83	123.30 ± 18.31	176.72 ± 27.91	166.97 ± 21.94a	131.87 ± 19.52a
MDA	Saline	0.11 ± 0.08	0.49 ± 0.19	0.14 ± 0.09	0.11 ± 0.08	0.11 ± 0.10
	XBJ	0.09 ± 0.04	0.31 ± 0.12a	0.13 ± 0.11	0.10 ± 0.06	0.10 ± 0.04
8-Isoprostane	Saline	1.84 ± 0.46	8.31 ± 0.76	6.29 ± 0.75	3.25 ± 0.52	1.83 ± 0.36
	XBJ	2.00 ± 0.55	6.63 ± 0.88a	6.29 ± 0.75	3.24 ± 0.51	1.84 ± 0.53

^aP < 0.05. For continuous variables that were measured at multiple time points, repeated-measures analysis of variance was applied with Bonferroni’s correction as post-hoc analysis. PaO₂: Arterial oxygen tension; FiO₂: Fraction of inspired oxygen; CK-MB: Creatine kinase isoenzyme MB; TnI: Troponin I; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; IL: interleukin; MDA: Malondialdehyde.