Impact of intravenous dexmedetomidine on postoperative bowel movement recovery after laparoscopic nephrectomy: A consort-prospective, randomized, controlled trial

Figure 1 Patient enrolment flow diagram. This illustrates the flow of all patients screened, excluded, and randomized.

Figure 2 Pain scores during 48 h after surgery in groups C, D1, and D2. Variables are presented as the mean ± SD. The numerical rating scale scores at 8 h and 24 h were significantly lower in groups D1 and D2 than in group C at rest and at movement. ^aP < 0.05, group D1 vs group C; ^cP < 0.05, group D2 vs group C. NRS: Numerical rating scale.