Copyright
©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Cases. Oct 16, 2021; 9(29): 8763-8772
Published online Oct 16, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i29.8763
Published online Oct 16, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i29.8763
Midazolam dose is associated with recurrence of paradoxical reactions during endoscopy
Eun Hyo Jin, Ji Hyun Song, Jooyoung Lee, Jung Ho Bae, Su Jin Chung, Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 06236, South Korea
Author contributions: Song JH contributed to conception and design; Jin EH did the analysis and interpretation of the data, drafting of the article; Lee J, Bae JH and Chung SJ did the critical revision of the article for important intellectual content; all authors approved the final version of the article.
Institutional review board statement: This study protocol conformed with the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent revisions and was approved by the relevant institutional review board, No. H-1710-023-890.
Informed consent statement: Informed consent was not needed for this study.
Conflict-of-interest statement: There are no conflicts of interest to report.
Data sharing statement: The presented data are anonymized and the risk of identification is low and the potential benefits of sharing these data outweigh the potential harms.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement—checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement—checklist of items.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Ji Hyun Song, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, 39F Gangnam Finance Center, 152 Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06236, South Korea. philomed@hanmail.net
Received: June 11, 2021
Peer-review started: June 11, 2021
First decision: June 25, 2021
Revised: June 26, 2021
Accepted: August 31, 2021
Article in press: August 31, 2021
Published online: October 16, 2021
Peer-review started: June 11, 2021
First decision: June 25, 2021
Revised: June 26, 2021
Accepted: August 31, 2021
Article in press: August 31, 2021
Published online: October 16, 2021
Core Tip
Core Tip: A paradoxical reaction refers to an unexpectedly increased excitement and excessive movement, as opposed to the anxiolytic or sedative effect of midazolam. This is the first study to investigate the recurrence rate of paradoxical reactions to midazolam during upper endoscopy under sedation. We report that the rate of recurrence of paradoxical reactions is significantly associated with the dose of midazolam administered. To avoid the recurrence of such reactions, we recommend reducing the total dose of midazolam administered to patients with previous paradoxical reactions by ≥ 2 mg compared to the dose previously used.