Copyright
©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Cases. Jul 16, 2021; 9(20): 5408-5419
Published online Jul 16, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i20.5408
Published online Jul 16, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i20.5408
Esophageal manifestation in patients with scleroderma
Theodoros A Voulgaris, Georgios P Karamanolis, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
Author contributions: Voulgaris TA wrote the article; Karamanolis GP was responsible for conception and design of the article, the drafting of the article, making critical revisions and final approval of the article.
Conflict-of-interest statement: There is no conflict of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Georgios P Karamanolis, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistian University of Athens, Michalakopoulou 176, Athens 11527, Greece.
Received: February 28, 2021
Peer-review started: February 28, 2021
First decision: April 18, 2021
Revised: April 22, 2021
Accepted: May 10, 2021
Article in press: May 10, 2021
Published online: July 16, 2021
Processing time: 128 Days and 14 Hours
Peer-review started: February 28, 2021
First decision: April 18, 2021
Revised: April 22, 2021
Accepted: May 10, 2021
Article in press: May 10, 2021
Published online: July 16, 2021
Processing time: 128 Days and 14 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Gastrointestinal manifestations of systemic sclerosis, a rare autoimmune disease, are the most commonly encountered complications of the disease affecting nearly 90% of the systemic sclerosis population. Among the gastrointestinal tract, the esophagus is the most commonly affected. In this review, we will present the current understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of systemic sclerosis, the clinical presentation and diagnosis of esophageal involvement. Finally, we highlight the latest developments in the management of this disease.