Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Cases. Nov 6, 2023; 11(31): 7543-7552
Published online Nov 6, 2023. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i31.7543
Analysis of risk factors for postoperative deep vein thrombosis after craniotomy and nomogram model construction
Zhen-Jin Su, Hong-Rui Wang, Li-Qin Liu, Nan Li, Xin-Yu Hong
Zhen-Jin Su, Xin-Yu Hong, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
Hong-Rui Wang, Li-Qin Liu, Nan Li, Department of Operating Theater, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
Author contributions: Su ZJ, Wang HR, Liu LQ, Li N, Hong XY contributed equally to this work; Su ZJ, Liu LQ participated in data collection; Wang HY, Li N processed and analyzed the data; Su ZJ double-checked the results of the data analyses and wrote the first draft; Hong XY reviewed and revised the manuscript and confirmed the final version.
Institutional review board statement: This retrospective study has been reviewed by the Ethics Committee of the First Hospital of Jilin University, and all procedures being performed were part of routine care.
Informed consent statement: Informed written consent was obtained from the patients for the release of clinical data involved in this study.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that the research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Data sharing statement: The authors state that raw data related to the study will be shared.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Xin-Yu Hong, PhD, Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China. hongxy@jlu.edu.cn
Received: August 14, 2023
Peer-review started: August 14, 2023
First decision: September 26, 2023
Revised: October 5, 2023
Accepted: October 23, 2023
Article in press: October 23, 2023
Published online: November 6, 2023
ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
Research background

Lethal pulmonary embolism caused by deep vein thrombosis after surgery is a common cause of sudden death in postoperative patients.

Research motivation

Early identification and timely intervention in people at a high risk of postoperative deep vein thrombosis are essential for preventing the development of fatal pulmonary embolism.

Research objectives

The purpose of this study is to observe the factors affecting the development of deep vein thrombosis after cranio-cerebral surgery, to investigate the relationship between the general characteristics of patients, surgery-related factors and postoperative conditions and postoperative deep vein thrombosis, and to establish a reliable prediction model for postoperative deep vein thrombosis.

Research methods

In this study, data from 283 patients who underwent craniotomy were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Patients were classified into thrombotic and non-thrombotic groups based on the presence or absence of postoperative deep vein thrombosis, and the clinical data of the two groups were compared. Independent risk factors for deep vein thrombosis were screened by statistical analysis. A nomogram model was developed to predict the likelihood of deep vein thrombosis in patients undergoing cranial surgery based on the identified independent risk factors. The reliability of the model was verified.

Research results

Of the included patients, 47.7% developed deep vein thrombosis after craniotomy surgery. Statistical analysis yielded eight independent risk factors. A reliable nomogram model was developed to predict the risk of postoperative deep vein thrombosis after craniotomy.

Research conclusions

This study identified eight risk factors associated with postoperative lower extremity deep vein thrombosis after open heart surgery: Age, D-dimer, postoperative infection, postoperative Caprini score, postoperative cortisol application, operation time, intraoperative blood transfusion, and intraoperative intermittent pneumatic compression application. A reliable nomogram model was developed for the early identification of patients at a high risk of postoperative deep vein formation.

Research perspectives

Previous studies of postoperative deep vein thrombosis have primarily focused on analyzing risk factors without establishing an efficient and reliable predictive model. In this study, we enrolled patients who underwent craniotomy and established a risk prediction model based on the risk factors. The efficacy of the model was also verified. These findings provide an important reference for early detection of patients at a high risk of postoperative deep vein thrombosis.