Zafar U, Zafar H, Ahmed MS, Khattak M. Link between COVID-19 vaccines and myocardial infarction. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10(28): 10109-10119 [PMID: 36246837 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i28.10109]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Umema Zafar, MBBS, MPhil, Assistant Professor, Doctor, Department of Physiology, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar University Campus, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan. umema.com@gmail.com
Research Domain of This Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Article-Type of This Article
Systematic Reviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Umema Zafar, Madiha Khattak, Department of Physiology, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
Hamna Zafar, Department of Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
Mian Saad Ahmed, Department of Forensic Medicine, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
Author contributions: Zafar U and Zafar H designed the research and analyzed the data and checked paper for final review; Ahmed MS and Khattak M performed the research and wrote the paper.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
PRISMA 2009 Checklist statement: The authors have read the PRISMA 2009 Checklist, and the manuscript was prepared and revised in accordance with this checklist.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Umema Zafar, MBBS, MPhil, Assistant Professor, Doctor, Department of Physiology, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar University Campus, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan. umema.com@gmail.com
Received: May 30, 2022 Peer-review started: May 30, 2022 First decision: July 14, 2022 Revised: July 20, 2022 Accepted: September 1, 2022 Article in press: September 1, 2022 Published online: October 6, 2022 Processing time: 119 Days and 23.9 Hours
ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
Research background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified November 2019 and subsequently caused a world pandemic. The development of vaccines was quickly achieved with the first vaccinations occurring in December 2020. From then on, a global campaign commenced to vaccinate the majority of the world’s population. The implications of these vaccines have been researched abundantly.
Research motivation
The side effects of COVID-19 vaccines, particularly serious cardiovascular side effects, mention myocarditis. However, myocardial infarction (MI) and its link with COVID-19 vaccines remain unclear.
Research objectives
To investigate and pinpoint if any link exists between COVID-19 vaccination and MI amongst the vaccinated individuals.
Research methods
We devised a search strategy to search MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PakMediNet. All studies that reported MI after COVID-19 vaccine delivery were included in this research. A structured data extraction form was developed to extract the data from the eligible studies.
Research results
The majority of MI cases reported were after vaccination with the AstraZeneca vaccine. Out of all the studies, 69% reported MI cases after the first COVID-19 vaccination dose and 14% after the second. The majority (44%) of MI reported was STEMI.
Research conclusions
Many studies linked MI to COVID-19 vaccinations, but no definitive association could be found.
Research perspectives
More robust clinical trials in this regard could clarify the link between COVID-19 vaccinations and MI.
