Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Cases. Nov 16, 2021; 9(32): 9762-9769
Published online Nov 16, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i32.9762
Treatment effects and periodontal status of chronic periodontitis after routine Er:YAG laser-assisted therapy
Yong-Zhi Gao, Yan Li, Shan-Shan Chen, Bo Feng, Hui Wang, Qiao Wang
Yong-Zhi Gao, Hui Wang, Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161041, Heilongjiang Province, China
Yan Li, Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou Province, China
Shan-Shan Chen, The Ward of Department of Ophthalmology and Torhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161041, Heilongjiang Province, China
Bo Feng, Department of Stomatology, Qiqihar ENT Hospital, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang Province, China
Qiao Wang, Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161005, Heilongjiang Province, China
Author contributions: Gao YZ and Li Y designed the experiment; Gao YZ drafted the work; Chen SS and Feng B collected the data; Wang H and Wang Q analyzed and interpreted the data; Gao YZ, Li Y and Chen SS wrote the paper.
Supported by Qiqihar Science and Technology Bureau Social Development General Instruction Project, No. SFGG-201965.
Institutional review board statement: The study design was approved by the First Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University Ethics Committee.
Informed consent statement: All study participants, or their legal guardian, provided informed written consent prior to study enrollment.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflicting interests.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Yong-Zhi Gao, MD, Chief Doctor, Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No. 26 Xiangyang Street, Fularji District, Qiqihar 161041, Heilongjiang Province, China. g13796878176@163.com
Received: June 17, 2021
Peer-review started: June 17, 2021
First decision: July 16, 2021
Revised: July 28, 2021
Accepted: August 16, 2021
Article in press: August 16, 2021
Published online: November 16, 2021
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Routine preclinical interventions for patients with chronic periodontitis such as supragingival cleaning and subgingival curettage, establishing a balanced occlusal relationship, and irrigation with 3% hydrogen peroxide can relieve the symptoms to some extent. However, there is room for improvement in the overall effect. For example, Er:YAG lasers can quickly increase the temperature of the irradiated tissue, effectively eliminate dental plaque and calculus, reduce periodontal pockets, adjust periodontal microecology, and reduce the gingival sulcus. The content of factors in the liquid, and then achieve the purpose of treatment.

AIM

The aim was evaluate the effect of Er:YAG laser-assisted routine therapy on the periodontal status in chronic periodontitis.

METHODS

Between October 2018 and January 2020, 106 patients with chronic periodontitis in our hospital were randomly assigned to either the study or control group, with 53 patients in each group. The control group underwent routine therapy, and the study group underwent Er:YAG laser therapy in addition to routine therapy. We evaluated the treatment outcome in both groups. Periodontal status was determined by clinical attachment loss (CAL), gingival index (GI), periodontal probing depth (PD), dental plaque index (PLI), and sulcular bleeding index (SBI), inflammatory factors in the gingival crevicular fluid, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8], and colony forming units (CFUs).

RESULTS

Total effectiveness in the study group (94.34%) was higher than that in the control group (79.25%, P < 0.05). The clinical parameters in the study group (PD, 5.28 ± 1.08 mm; CAL, 4.81 ± 0.79 mm; SBI, 3.37 ± 0.59; GI, 1.38 ± 0.40; PLI, 2.05 ± 0.65) were not significantly different from those in the control group (PD, 5.51 ± 1.14 mm; CAL, 5.09 ± 0.83 mm; SBI, 3.51 ± 0.62; GI, (1.41 ± 0.37; PLI, 1.98 ± 0.70) before treatment (P > 0.05). However, after treatment, the parameters in the study group (PD, 2.97 ± 0.38 mm; CAL, 2.71 ± 0.64 mm; SBI, 2.07 ± 0.32; GI, 0.51 ± 0.11; PLI, 1.29 ± 0.34) were lower than those in the control group (PD, 3.71 ± 0.42 mm; CAL, 3.60 ± 0.71 mm; SBI, 2.80 ± 0.44; GI, 0.78 ± 0.23; PLI, 1.70 ± 0.51) (P < 0.05). Differences in crevicular TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 levels in the study (TNF-α, 7.82 ± 3.43 ng/mL; IL-6, 11.67 ± 2.59 ng/mL; IL-8, 12.12 ± 3.19 pg/mL) and control groups (TNF-α, 9.06 ± 3.89 ng/ml, IL-6, 12.13 ± 2.97 ng/mL, IL-8, 10.99 ± 3.30 pg/mL) before therapy (P > 0.05) were not significant. Following treatment, the parameters were significantly lower in the study group (TNF-α, 2.04 ± 0.89 ng/mL; IL-6, 4.60 ± 1.26 ng/mL; IL-8, 3.15 ± 1.08 pg/mL) than in the control group (TNF-α, 3.11 ± 1.07 ng/mL; IL-6, 6.25 ± 1.41 ng/mL; IL-8, 4.64 ± 1.23 pg/mL, P < 0.05). The difference in the CFU of the study group [(367.91 ± 74.32) × 104/mL and control group (371.09 ± 80.25) × 104/mL] before therapy was not significant (P > 0.05). The CFU decreased in both groups following therapy, however, the CFU values were lower in the study group [(36.09 ± 15.26) × 104/mL] than in the control group [(45.89 ± 18.08) ×104/mL] (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Combining Er:YAG lasers with routine measures significantly improved the overall periodontal therapy outcomes by improving periodontal status and reducing oral levels of inflammatory factors and CFUs.

Keywords: Er:YAG laser therapy, Chronic periodontitis, Periodontal status, Oral inflammatory factors

Core Tip: It was confirmed that in the treatment of chronic periodontitis, the use of Er:YAG laser therapy as an auxiliary treatment can reduce the level of inflammatory factors and oral colony forming units, which is beneficial to overall improvement of treatment effectiveness.