Published online Jun 6, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i16.4001
Peer-review started: January 11, 2021
First decision: January 24, 2021
Revised: January 26, 2021
Accepted: February 26, 2021
Article in press: February 26, 2021
Published online: June 6, 2021
Pericardial rupture caused by blunt chest trauma is rare in clinical practice. Because of its atypical clinical symptoms, and because surgeons are often unfamiliar with the clinical and radiological manifestations of the injury, preoperative diagnosis is difficult; it is easily misdiagnosed and causes serious consequences.
A 60-year-old man, previously healthy, was transported to the emergency room after falling from a great height. Upon arrival, his vital signs were stable. Electrocardiography and echocardiography were performed, and there was no sign of cardiac injury or ischemia. Chest and abdomen computerized tomography revealed pneumopericardium, hemopneumothorax, lung contusion, multiple rib fractures on the right side (Figure 1), and right scapula and clavicle fractures. He was admitted to the inpatient department for further observation after tube thoracostomy. The next day, the patient suddenly experienced rapid arrhythmia (the ventricular rate reached 150-180 beats/min) when turning onto his right side, accompanied by a blood pressure drop to 70/45 mm Hg and a chief complaint of palpitation. Thoracoscopy was performed urgently, and a large vertical tear (8 cm × 6 cm) was found in the pericardium. The defect was successfully repaired using a heart Dacron patch. His postoperative condition was uneventful without any fluctuations in vital signs, and he was transferred to the orthopedics department for further surgery on postoperative day 8.
Although the possibility of pericardial rupture combined with cardiac hernia is extremely low, it is one of the causes of cardiogenic shock following blunt trauma. Therefore, clinicians need to be more familiar with its characteristic manifestations and maintain a high degree of vigilance against such injuries to avoid disastrous consequences.
Core Tip: This case report describes a patient with multiple trauma following a fall from a height, who developed pericardial rupture combined with cardiac hernia. The diagnosis was not made accurately and timely before operation despite suggestive clinical and radiological findings. Therefore, clinicians need to be aware of the presentation of this potentially fatal injury so that the diagnosis can be made and thoracoscopic or thoracotomy exploration should be instituted at an earlier stage.