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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Cases. Mar 26, 2020; 8(6): 1002-1012
Published online Mar 26, 2020. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i6.1002
Gut microbiota and nutrient interactions with skin in psoriasis: A comprehensive review of animal and human studies
Giovanni Damiani, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Thomas S McCormick, Paolo Daniele Maria Pigatto, Sebastiano Leone, Alessia Pacifico, Danica Tiodorovic, Sveva Di Franco, Aniello Alfieri, Marco Fiore
Giovanni Damiani, Thomas S McCormick, Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
Giovanni Damiani, Paolo Daniele Maria Pigatto, Clinical Dermatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan 20122, Italy
Giovanni Damiani, Paolo Daniele Maria Pigatto, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Postgraduate School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy
Sebastiano Leone, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious diseases, “San Giuseppe Moscati” Hospital, Avellino 83100, Italy
Alessia Pacifico, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome 00144, Italy
Danica Tiodorovic, Dermatology Clinic, Medical Faculty, Nis University, Nis 18000, Serbia
Sveva Di Franco, Aniello Alfieri, Marco Fiore, Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples 80138, Italy
Author contributions: Damiani G and Fiore M designed the study; Tiodorovic D, Di Franco S and Alfieri A performed the research; Bragazzi NL and Pigatto PDM supervised the manuscript; Leone S and Pacifico A provided critical reviews; Damiani G and Fiore M wrote the manuscript; McCormick TS revised the manuscript in order to improve and polish the language.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Marco Fiore, MD, Academic Fellow, Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza L Miraglia 2, Naples 80138, Italy. marco.fiore@unicampania.it
Received: December 10, 2019
Peer-review started: December 10, 2019
First decision: January 13, 2020
Revised: February 25, 2020
Accepted: March 9, 2020
Article in press: March 9, 2020
Published online: March 26, 2020
Processing time: 106 Days and 8.7 Hours
Abstract

The intestinal tract (i.e., the gut), is where the body’s nutrients are absorbed, and is simultaneously inhabited by numerous microbes. An increasing body of literature suggests a crucial role for the gut microbiome in modulating systemic inflammatory disease. Psoriasis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease and its pathogenesis is related to the interaction between genetic susceptibility, immune response and environmental triggers. The omics era has allowed physicians to assess different aspects of psoriasis pathogenesis such as the microbiome, infectome, and autoinfectome. Furthermore, diet appears to play an important role in modulating disease activity, perhaps by influencing gut microbes. Given these observations, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge regarding skin-microbiome-gut-nutrients and psoriasis.

Keywords: Gut; Microbiota; Nutrients; Endotypes; Exposome; Psoriasis

Core tip: Psoriasis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease and its pathogenesis is related to the interaction between genetic susceptibility, immune response and environmental triggers. The omics era has allowed physicians to study psoriasis pathogenesis from different perspectives such as the microbiome, infectome, and autoinfectome. Furthermore, diet appears to play an important role in modulating disease activity. Given these observations, this review aimed to summarize the current knowledge on skin-microbiome-gut-nutrients and psoriasis.