Yi F, Wu H, Zhao HK. Role of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1/2 in secondary injury after cerebral hemorrhage. World J Clin Cases 2025; 13(9): 100312 [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v13.i9.100312]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Hai-Kang Zhao, Chief Physician, MD, PhD, Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical University, No. 167 Fangdong Street, Baqiao District, Xi’an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China. xmu2neurosurgery@163.com
Research Domain of This Article
Clinical Neurology
Article-Type of This Article
Minireviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Clin Cases. Mar 26, 2025; 13(9): 100312 Published online Mar 26, 2025. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v13.i9.100312
Role of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1/2 in secondary injury after cerebral hemorrhage
Fan Yi, Hao Wu, Hai-Kang Zhao
Fan Yi, Hao Wu, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710021, Shaanxi Province, China
Hao Wu, Hai-Kang Zhao, Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
Co-corresponding authors: Hao Wu and Hai-Kang Zhao.
Author contributions: Yi F and Wu H designed the work and performed the acquisition analysis; Wu H interpreted the data; Wu H and Zhao HK created the new software, drafted and revised the manuscript, they contributed equally to the work as co-corresponding authors; and all the authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Supported by Shanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Plan Project, No. 2020ZDLSF01-02; and Doctor Foundation of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical University, No. X2Y-R11.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Hai-Kang Zhao, Chief Physician, MD, PhD, Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical University, No. 167 Fangdong Street, Baqiao District, Xi’an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China. xmu2neurosurgery@163.com
Received: August 13, 2024 Revised: October 26, 2024 Accepted: November 27, 2024 Published online: March 26, 2025 Processing time: 120 Days and 22.5 Hours
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common severe emergency in neurosurgery, causing tremendous economic pressure on families and society and devastating effects on patients both physically and psychologically, especially among patients with poor functional outcomes. ICH is often accompanied by decreased consciousness and limb dysfunction. This seriously affects patients’ ability to live independently. Although rapid advances in neurosurgery have greatly improved patient survival, there remains insufficient evidence that surgical treatment significantly improves long-term outcomes. With in-depth pathophysiological studies after ICH, increasing evidence has shown that secondary injury after ICH is related to long-term prognosis and that the key to secondary injury is various immune-mediated neuroinflammatory reactions after ICH. In basic and clinical studies of various systemic inflammatory diseases, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1/2 (TREM-1/2), and the TREM receptor family is closely related to the inflammatory response. Various inflammatory diseases can be upregulated and downregulated through receptor intervention. How the TREM receptor functions after ICH, the types of results from intervention, and whether the outcomes can improve secondary brain injury and the long-term prognosis of patients are unknown. An analysis of relevant research results from basic and clinical trials revealed that the inhibition of TREM-1 and the activation of TREM-2 can alleviate the neuroinflammatory immune response, significantly improve the long-term prognosis of neurological function in patients with cerebral hemorrhage, and thus improve the ability of patients to live independently.
Core Tip: Based on the analysis of relevant research results in basic and clinical trials, this paper shows that inhibition of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 and activation of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 can alleviate neuroinflammatory immune response, and can significantly improve the long-term prognosis of neurological function in patients with cerebral hemorrhage, and significantly improve the ability of patients to live independently in daily life.
