Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Cases. Mar 6, 2023; 11(7): 1488-1497
Published online Mar 6, 2023. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i7.1488
Facial basal cell carcinoma: A retrospective study of 67 cases
Afrah A Khalil, Hamid H Enezei, Tahrir N Aldelaimi, Raid M Al-Ani
Afrah A Khalil, Department of Oral Diagnosis, College of Dentistry, University of Anbar, Ramadi 31001, Anbar, Iraq
Hamid H Enezei, Tahrir N Aldelaimi, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Anbar, Ramadi 31001, Anbar, Iraq
Raid M Al-Ani, Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology, University of Anbar, College of Medicine, Ramadi 31001, Anbar, Iraq
Author contributions: Al-Ani RM has the responsibility for the design of the study, writing the abstract, core tip, introduction, and conclusion, writing the references according to the journal style, and edited the draft and preparing the final version of the manuscript; Khalil AA is responsible for collecting the references and writing the methodology section; Enezei HH wrote the results section; Aldelaimi TN wrote the discussion section; All authors revised and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: The study was conducted following the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013) and was approved by the Ethical Approval Committee of the University of Anbar (Reference number 4, on 24-1-2021).
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Data sharing statement: The datasets analyzed during the current study are available in the hospital’s “sheet patient records” and from the corresponding author at med.raed.alani2003@uoanbar.edu.iq upon reasonable request.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Raid M Al-Ani, MBChB, Academic Research, Full Professor, Senior Editor, Surgeon, Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology, University of Anbar, College of Medicine, Al Andalus-Street number 41, Ramadi 31001, Anbar, Iraq. med.raed.alani2003@uoanbar.edu.iq
Received: December 13, 2022
Peer-review started: December 13, 2022
First decision: January 3, 2023
Revised: January 4, 2023
Accepted: February 15, 2023
Article in press: February 15, 2023
Published online: March 6, 2023
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a slow-growing malignant tumor characterized by local invasiveness but an exceptionally rare metastatic potential. It ideally affects sun-exposed skin of older patients with more propensity for the facial region.

AIM

To evaluate the different clinicopathological characteristics of the facial BCC and the efficacy and safety of diode laser for the treatment of these lesions.

METHODS

We retrospectively reviewed facial BCC lesions of < 1.5 cm in diameter and subjected them to diode laser ablation during the period from September 2016 to August 2021 at Al-Ramadi Teaching Hospital, Ramadi City, Iraq. Data matching the age, gender, duration, site, and clinical and histological types were registered for every subject. The functional and aesthetic outcomes and complications following diode laser ablation for each patient were also recorded.

RESULTS

Of 67 patients with facial BCC, there was 65.67% from the age group ≥ 60 years and 58.21% males. The mean duration of the lesions was 5.15 ± 1.836 mo. The most involved location was the nose (29.85%). About half of the cases belong to the noduloulcerative type. Solid histological type comprises 40.3% of the cases, while the least was keratotic (13.4%). Moreover, 65.2% of the solid cases were from the age group ≤ 60 years and 38.6% of the adenoid type from the age group > 60 years (P value = 0.007). Excellent aesthetic and functional outcomes were reported in all cases after 6 mo of follow-up. Few complications were reported after diode laser ablation.

CONCLUSION

Facial BCC was mostly seen in the elderly and men. The mean duration was 5.15 mo. The nose was the commonest involved site. Noduloulcerative lesions were seen in approximately half of the lesions. The age of the patients determined the histological type of the lesion (solid type was mostly seen in the age group ≤ 60 years, while, adenoid in the age group > 60 years). Diode laser ablation showed excellent functional and aesthetic outcomes following a 6-mo follow-up.

Keywords: Basal cell carcinoma, Maxillofacial pathology, Histopathology, Malignant skin tumors, Dermatological lesions, Diode laser

Core Tip: Facial basal cell carcinoma was mostly seen in the elderly and men. The nose was the commonest involved site. Noduloulcerative lesions were seen in approximately half of the lesions. The age of the patients determined the histological type of the lesion. Diode laser ablation showed excellent functional and aesthetic outcomes following a 6-mo follow-up.