Stoyanov D, Paunova R, Dichev J, Kandilarova S, Khorev V, Kurkin S. Functional magnetic resonance imaging study of group independent components underpinning item responses to paranoid-depressive scale. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11(36): 8458-8474 [PMID: 38188204 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i36.8458]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Drozdstoy Stoyanov, DSc, Full Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Medical University Plovdiv, Vassil Aprilov 15a, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria. drozdstoy.stoyanov@mu-plovdiv.bg
Research Domain of This Article
Psychiatry
Article-Type of This Article
Retrospective Study
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Drozdstoy Stoyanov, Department of Psychiatry, Medical University Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
Rositsa Paunova, Research Institute, Medical University, Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria
Julian Dichev, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria
Sevdalina Kandilarova, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical University, Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria
Vladimir Khorev, Semen Kurkin, Baltic Center for Artificial Intelligence and Neurotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad 236041, Russia
Author contributions: Stoyanov D designed the research study and wrote the manuscript; Stoyanov D and Kandilarova S performed the research; Paunova R, Kurkin S and Khorev V analyzed the data; all authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Medical University of Plovdiv.
Informed consent statement: All study participants or their legal guardian provided informed written consent about personal and medical data collection prior to study enrolment.
Conflict-of-interest statement: We have no financial relationships to disclose.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Drozdstoy Stoyanov, DSc, Full Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Medical University Plovdiv, Vassil Aprilov 15a, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria. drozdstoy.stoyanov@mu-plovdiv.bg
Received: September 26, 2023 Peer-review started: September 26, 2023 First decision: November 9, 2023 Revised: November 10, 2023 Accepted: December 5, 2023 Article in press: December 5, 2023 Published online: December 26, 2023 Processing time: 84 Days and 22.1 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Our study expand upon a large body of evidence in the field of neuropsychiatric imaging with cognitive, affective and behavioral tasks, adapted for the functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (fMRI) experimental environment. There is sufficient evidence that common networks underpin activations in task-based fMRI across different mental disorders.
AIM
To investigate whether there exist specific neural circuits which underpin differential item responses to depressive, paranoid and neutral items (DN) in patients respectively with schizophrenia (SCZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD).
METHODS
60 patients were recruited with SCZ and MDD. All patients have been scanned on 3T magnetic resonance tomography platform with functional MRI paradigm, comprised of block design, including blocks with items from diagnostic paranoid (DP), depression specific (DS) and DN from general interest scale. We performed a two-sample t-test between the two groups-SCZ patients and depressive patients. Our purpose was to observe different brain networks which were activated during a specific condition of the task, respectively DS, DP, DN.
RESULTS
Several significant results are demonstrated in the comparison between SCZ and depressive groups while performing this task. We identified one component that is task-related and independent of condition (shared between all three conditions), composed by regions within the temporal (right superior and middle temporal gyri), frontal (left middle and inferior frontal gyri) and limbic/salience system (right anterior insula). Another component is related to both diagnostic specific conditions (DS and DP) e.g. It is shared between DEP and SCZ, and includes frontal motor/language and parietal areas. One specific component is modulated preferentially by to the DP condition, and is related mainly to prefrontal regions, whereas other two components are significantly modulated with the DS condition and include clusters within the default mode network such as posterior cingulate and precuneus, several occipital areas, including lingual and fusiform gyrus, as well as parahippocampal gyrus. Finally, component 12 appeared to be unique for the neutral condition. In addition, there have been determined circuits across components, which are either common, or distinct in the preferential processing of the sub-scales of the task.
CONCLUSION
This study has delivers further evidence in support of the model of trans-disciplinary cross-validation in psychiatry.
Core Tip: There have been identified five independent components, on the level of brain signals, which are significantly modulated by clinical diagnostic scales adapted to functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm. Those results may help potentially to define patterns of activations which differ between patients with depression and patients with schizophrenia.
