Freire de Melo F, Marques HS, Fellipe Bueno Lemos F, Silva Luz M, Rocha Pinheiro SL, de Carvalho LS, Souza CL, Oliveira MV. Role of nickel-regulated small RNA in modulation of Helicobacter pylori virulence factors. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10(31): 11283-11291 [PMID: 36387830 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i31.11283]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Fabrício Freire de Melo, PhD, Professor, Institution Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Horminio Barros 58, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Brazil. freiremeloufba@gmail.com
Research Domain of This Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Article-Type of This Article
Minireviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Clin Cases. Nov 6, 2022; 10(31): 11283-11291 Published online Nov 6, 2022. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i31.11283
Role of nickel-regulated small RNA in modulation of Helicobacter pylori virulence factors
Fabrício Freire de Melo, Hanna Santos Marques, Fabian Fellipe Bueno Lemos, Marcel Silva Luz, Samuel Luca Rocha Pinheiro, Lorena Sousa de Carvalho, Cláudio Lima Souza, Márcio Vasconcelos Oliveira
Fabrício Freire de Melo, Fabian Fellipe Bueno Lemos, Marcel Silva Luz, Samuel Luca Rocha Pinheiro, Lorena Sousa de Carvalho, Cláudio Lima Souza, Márcio Vasconcelos Oliveira, Institution Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Brazil
Hanna Santos Marques, Campus Vitória da Conquista, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45083-900, Brazil
Author contributions: All authors equally contributed to this paper with conception and design of the study, literature review and analysis, manuscript drafting, critical revision, and editing, and approval of the final version; all authors agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
Supported byCNPq Brazil (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development) - FFM, No. 317005/2021-09.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare no potential conflicts of interest for this article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Fabrício Freire de Melo, PhD, Professor, Institution Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Horminio Barros 58, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Brazil. freiremeloufba@gmail.com
Received: July 7, 2022 Peer-review started: July 7, 2022 First decision: July 31, 2022 Revised: August 14, 2022 Accepted: September 6, 2022 Article in press: September 6, 2022 Published online: November 6, 2022 Processing time: 112 Days and 3.7 Hours
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative bacterium that infects about half of the world's population. H. pylori infection prevails by several mechanisms of adaptation of the bacteria and by its virulence factors including the cytotoxin associated antigen A (CagA). CagA is an oncoprotein that is the protagonist of gastric carcinogenesis associated with prolonged H. pylori infection. In this sense, small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) are important macromolecules capable of inhibiting and activating gene expression. This function allows sRNAs to act in adjusting to unstable environmental conditions and in responding to cellular stresses in bacterial infections. Recent discoveries have shown that nickel-regulated small RNA (NikS) is a post-transcriptional regulator of virulence properties of H. pylori, including the oncoprotein CagA. Notably, high concentrations of nickel cause the reduction of NikS expression and consequently this increases the levels of CagA. In addition, NikS expression appears to be lower in clinical isolates from patients with gastric cancer when compared to patients without. With that in mind, this minireview approaches, in an accessible way, the most important and current aspects about the role of NikS in the control of virulence factors of H. pylori and the potential clinical repercussions of this modulation.
Core Tip: This paper aims to review current information about the role of nickel-regulated small RNA (NikS) in the modulation of main Helicobacter pylori virulence factors, specially cytotoxin associated antigen A (CagA), which is crucial to gastric cancer development. Here we explore what is the most important about the epigenetic processes involved in the interaction between nickel levels, NikS, and CagA and their potential clinical repercussions.
