Meta-Analysis
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Cases. Apr 16, 2022; 10(11): 3449-3460
Published online Apr 16, 2022. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i11.3449
Association of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with mild cognitive impairment and dementia risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Li-Ying Zhao, Xue-Lai Zhou
Li-Ying Zhao, Department of Geriatrics, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Zhuji, Zhuji 311800, Zhejiang Province, China
Xue-Lai Zhou, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Zhuji, Zhuji 311800, Zhejiang Province, China
Author contributions: Zhao LY conceived and designed the study; Zhao LY and Zhou XL were involved in literature search and data collection; Zhao LY analyzed the data; Zhao LY and Zhou XL wrote the paper; Zhao LY edited the manuscript; all authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors deny any conflict of interest for this article.
PRISMA 2009 Checklist statement: The authors have read the PRISMA 2009 Checklist, and manuscript was prepared and revised according to the PRISMA 2009 Checklist.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Xue-Lai Zhou, MD, Deputy Director, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Zhuji, No. 521 Donger Road, Zhuji 311800, Zhejiang Province, China. zxl13626883598@163.com
Received: November 10, 2021
Peer-review started: November 10, 2021
First decision: January 11, 2022
Revised: January 25, 2022
Accepted: February 23, 2022
Article in press: February 23, 2022
Published online: April 16, 2022
Processing time: 149 Days and 6.5 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common public health issue that has been linked to cognitive dysfunction.

AIM

To investigate the relationship between COPD and a risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia.

METHODS

A comprehensive literature search of the PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library electronic databases was conducted. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random or fixed effects model. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were assessed for quality using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale.

RESULTS

Twenty-seven studies met all the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis yielded a strong association between COPD and increased risk of MCI incidence (OR = 2.11, 95%CI: 1.32-3.38). It also revealed a borderline trend for an increased dementia risk in COPD patients (OR = 1.16, 95%CI: 0.98-1.37). Pooled hazard ratios (HR) using adjusted confounders also showed a higher incidence of MCI (HR = 1.22, 95%CI: -1.18 to -1.27) and dementia (HR = 1.32, 95%CI: -1.22 to -1.43) in COPD patients. A significant lower mini-mental state examination score in COPD patients was noted (MD = -1.68, 95%CI: -2.66 to -0.71).

CONCLUSION

Our findings revealed an elevated risk for the occurrence of MCI and dementia in COPD patients. Proper clinical management and attention are required to prevent and control MCI and dementia incidence in COPD patients.

Keywords: Mild cognitive impairment; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Dementia; Meta-analysis

Core Tip: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common public health issue that has been linked to cognitive dysfunction. The current meta-analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between COPD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia risk. Twenty-seven studies met all the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis yielded a strong association between COPD and an increased risk of MCI incidence (odds ratio = 2.11, 95% confidence interval: 1.32-3.38). Our findings revealed an elevated risk for the occurrence of MCI and dementia in COPD patients. Proper clinical management and attention are required to prevent and control MCI and dementia incidence in COPD patients.