Identification of genes associated with gall bladder cell carcinogenesis: Implications in targeted therapy of gall bladder cancer

Table 1 MicroRNAs identified to have changed expression in gall bladder cancer

miRNA	Status in gall bladder cancer	Target genes
miR-146b-5p	Suppressed	EGFR[80]
miR-124	Suppressed	CDK6, ROCK1[81]
miR20a	Stimulated	SMAD7[82]
miR155	Stimulated	[82]
miR182	Stimulated	CADM1[82]
miR122	Stimulated	BMI1[82]
miR34a	Suppressed	PNUTS[82]
miR335	Suppressed	[82]
miR130a	Suppressed	HOTAIR[82]
miR135a5p	Suppressed	VLDLR[82]
miR-145-5p	Suppressed	STAT1[83]
miR26a	Suppressed	HMGA2[82]
miR145	Suppressed	AXL[82]
miR143	Suppressed	[82]
miR2185p	Suppressed	BMI1[84]

miRNA: MicroRNA.

Table 2 Target genes for treating gall bladder cancer (under investigation and those under clinical trial)

Target genes silenced by siRNA (under investigation)	Target genes for GBC treatment (under clinical trial)
BMI1, CD44, CLIC1, JAB1, EGFR	EGFR and Her/2 together (Afatnib-NCT04183712, Apatinib-NCT03702491)
HER 2/neu, ARAF	HER/2 (Trastuzumab-NCT00478140)
MIF	MEK (Trametinib-NCT02042443)
CD73, PDL1	DNMT (Guadecitabine-NCT03257761)

GBC: Gall bladder cancer.