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World J Gastrointest Oncol. Dec 15, 2023; 15(12): 2053-2063
Published online Dec 15, 2023. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i12.2053
Identification of genes associated with gall bladder cell carcinogenesis: Implications in targeted therapy of gall bladder cancer
Ishita Ghosh, Ruma Dey Ghosh, Soma Mukhopadhyay
Ishita Ghosh, Ruma Dey Ghosh, Soma Mukhopadhyay, Department of Molecular Biology, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute, Kolkata 700094, India
Co-corresponding authors: Ruma Dey Ghosh and Soma Mukhopadhyay.
Author contributions: Ghosh I, Dey Ghosh R, Mukhopadhyay S conceived the idea and designed the manuscript; Ghosh I and Dey Ghosh R, collected information, analyzed the data, constructed figures and tables, and wrote the manuscript; Ghosh I drafted the manuscript; Dey Ghosh R critically reviewed, edited and corrected the manuscript; All authors were involved in the critical review of the results and have contributed to, read, and approved the final manuscript. Dey Ghosh R, and Mukhopadhyay S contributed equally to this work as co-corresponding authors. The reasons for designating Dey Ghosh R, and Mukhopadhyay S as co-corresponding authors are threefold. First, the research was performed as a collaborative effort, and the designation of co-corresponding authorship accurately reflects the distribution of responsibilities and burdens associated with the time and effort required to complete the study and the resultant paper. This also ensures effective communication and management of post-submission matters, ultimately enhancing the paper's quality and reliability. Second, the overall research team encompassed authors with a variety of expertise and skills from different fields, and the designation of co-corresponding authors best reflects this diversity. This also promotes the most comprehensive and in-depth examination of the research topic, ultimately enriching readers' understanding by offering various expert perspectives. Third, Dey Ghosh R, and Mukhopadhyay S contributed efforts of equal substance throughout the research process. The choice of these researchers as co-corresponding authors acknowledges and respects this equal contribution, while recognizing the spirit of teamwork and collaboration of this study. In summary, we believe that designating Dey Ghosh R, and Mukhopadhyay S as co-corresponding authors of is fitting for our manuscript as it accurately reflects our team's collaborative spirit, equal contributions, and diversity.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflict-of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Soma Mukhopadhyay, BSc, MSc, PhD, Director, Senior Scientist, Department of Molecular Biology, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute, 3081 Nayabad, Kolkata 700094, India. soma.nscri@gmail.com
Received: July 27, 2023
Peer-review started: July 27, 2023
First decision: September 26, 2023
Revised: October 11, 2023
Accepted: November 10, 2023
Article in press: November 10, 2023
Published online: December 15, 2023
Processing time: 139 Days and 15.6 Hours
Abstract

Gall bladder cancer (GBC) is becoming a very devastating form of hepatobiliary cancer in India. Every year new cases of GBC are quite high in India. Despite recent advanced multimodality treatment options, the survival of GBC patients is very low. If the disease is diagnosed at the advanced stage (with local nodal metastasis or distant metastasis) or surgical resection is inoperable, the prognosis of those patients is very poor. So, perspectives of targeted therapy are being taken. Targeted therapy includes hormone therapy, proteasome inhibitors, signal transduction and apoptosis inhibitors, angiogenesis inhibitors, and immunotherapeutic agents. One such signal transduction inhibitor is the specific short interfering RNA (siRNA) or short hairpin RNA (shRNA). For developing siRNA-mediated therapy shRNA, although several preclinical studies to evaluate the efficacy of these key molecules have been performed using gall bladder cells, many more clinical trials are required. To date, many such genes have been identified. This review will discuss the recently identified genes associated with GBC and those that have implications in its treatment by siRNA or shRNA.

Keywords: Gall bladder cancer; Gene biomarker; Targeted therapy; siRNA mediated therapy; Prognosis; Advanced therapy of gall bladder cancer

Core Tip: The frequency of gall bladder cancer (GBC) in India has increased. The survival of GBC patients is also poor. In this context, some genes have been recognized which are involved in the carcinogenesis of GBCs. In this review, we have discussed such genes which could be aimed for the development of targeted therapy for GBC.