Traditional Chinese medicine for transformation of gastric precancerous lesions to gastric cancer: A critical review

Table 1 Clinical trials of traditional Chinese medicine in treating gastric cancer and precancerous lesions

Pathological stages	Ref.	Clinical drugs	Clinical sample size	Intervention	Control	Treatment duration	Outcome measures
GPL	Deng et al[125], 2012	Weining Granules	120	Weining Granules	Weifuchun tablets	6 mo	Overall response; gastroscopically-determined response; pathologically-confirmed response; eradication of Hp; microvessel density in the gastric mucosa; VEGF; IL-2; IL-6; T lymphocyte subsets; immunoglobulins; symptom scores; QOL; adverse reactions
	Bian et al[16], 2021	Weifuchun (WFC)	120	WFC tablets	Vitacoenzyme tablets	6 mo	Histopathology of gastric tissues; intestinal microbiota; sensitivity and specifcity of diferent intestinal microbiota
	Li et al[126], 2006	Weiansan (WAS)	76	Weiansan	Weifuchun tablets	24 wk	Inflammation of gastric mucosa; degree of glandular atrophy; IM and dysplasia; Hp infection
	NCT03823248	MoLuoDan and Sanchi powder	480	Moluodan combined with Sanchi powder	Folic acid tablets	24 wk	The disappearance rate of dysplasia; Histopathological score; endoscopic findings score; main symptom score; the patient-reported outcome scale integrals
GC	Pan et al[128], 2020	Jianpi Yangzheng Xiaozheng decoction	210	Chemotherapy combined with JPYZXZ decoction	Chemotherapy	24 wk	One-year survival rate; progression-free survival; overall survival; immune related hematology test; objective response rate; tumor makers; TCM syndrome points; fatigue scale; QOL scale
	Xu et al[129], 2013	Wei Chang’An	399	Chemotherapy combined with Wei Chang’An decoction	Continuously	3 mo or more	Survival trends; survival time
	Shu et al[130], 2019	Yiqi Huayu Jiedu decoction	489	Chemotherapy combined with YHJD	Chemotherapy	6 mo or more	Disease-free survival rate; 5-yr survival rate; QOL; TCM symptoms
	NCT05229809	Yiqi Wenyang Jiedu prescription	212	Yiqi Wenyang Jiedu prescription	Simulation agent of Yiqi Wenyang Jiedu prescription	24 wk	Two-year disease-free survival rate; disease-free survival; overall survival; cumulative annual recurrence and metastasis rate for 1-3 yr; cumulative annual survival rate for 1-3 yr; Indexes related to fat distribution; visceral adiposity Index; tumor marker; peripheral blood inflammatory index; prognostic nutritional index; QOL of the patient; evaluation of the patient’s symptoms; medication compliance; percentage of participants with adverse events

GPL: Gastric precancerous lesions; GC: Gastric cancer; WFC: Weifuchun; WAS: Weiansan; TCM: Traditional Chinese medicine; QOL: Quality of life; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor.

Table 2 In vitro and in vivo protective effects of active components of Chinese herbal medicine on gastric precancerous lesions and gastric cancer

Pathological stages	Effect	No.	Ref.	Active component	Animal/cells	Pathways/targets
Gastric precancerous lesions (GPL)	Anti-proliferation inducing apoptosis	c1	Wang et al[37], 2021	Erianin	GES-1 cell	HRAS-PI3K-Akt↓; p-Gsk3β, MDM2, p21, CyclinD1↓
		c2	Zhu et al[38], 2021	Epigallocatechin gallate	Male Wistar rats, PLGC model	PI3K/Akt/mTOR↓; PTEN↑; PI3K, Akt, mTOR↓
		c3	Zeng et al[33], 2021	Ginsenoside Rb1	Sprague-Dawley rats, PLGC model	β-catenin/TCF4↓; c-myc, cyclin, Birc5↓
		c4	Lv et al[131], 2022	Ginsenoside Rg3	Male Sprague-Dawley rats, PLGC model GPL cell	TIGAR, G6PDH, NADP, GSH↓; ROS↑
	Anti-inflammatory	c5	Liu et al[50], 2020	Calycosin	Male (SD) rats, PLGC model	Integrinβ1/NF-κB/DARPP-32; Integrinβ1, NF-κB, DARPP-32↑; STAT3↓
	Anti-angiogenesis	c5	Liu et al[50], 2020	Calycosin	Male (SD) rats, PLGC model	Integrinβ1/NF-κB/DARPP-32; Integrinβ1, NF-κB, DARPP-32↑; STAT3↓
		c6	Gao et al[58], 2022	Atractylenolide III	Female SD rats, Gastric Precancerous, Lesions Model	HIF-1α, VEGF-A, DLL4↓
		c4	Zeng et al[120], 2022	Ginsenoside Rg3	Male Sprague Dawley rats, PLGC modelAGS cell, HGC-27 cell	GLUT1, GLUT4↓
	Inhibit glycolysis	c4	Liu et al[63], 2020	Ginsenoside Rg3	Male Atp4a/ C57Bl/6 mice, PLGC model	PI3K/Akt/mTOR↓; PI3K/Akt/miRNA-21↓; PI3K, AKT, mTOR, HIF-1α, miRNA-21↓; caspase-3↑
		c7	Zhang et al[65], 2018	Astragaloside IV	Male Sprague-Dawley rats, PLGC model	LDHA, MCT1, MCT4, HIF-1α, CD147, TIGAR↓; miRNA-34a, p53↑
	Improvement of EMT	C8	Liao et al[68], 2023	Gallic acid	GES-1 cell, MC cells	Wnt/β-catenin↓
	Induce autophagy	c7	Cai et al[44], 2018	Astragaloside IV	Sprague Dawley rats, PLGC model	Bcl-2/Bax, p53, Beclin1, p62, ATG5, ATG12↓; caspase3↑
GC	Anti-proliferation inducing apoptosis	c9	Xu et al[74], 2021	Naringin	SNU-1 cell, GES-1 cell	PI3K/Akt↓; PI3K, Akt, Bcl-2↓; caspase 3, Bax↑
		c10	Yang et al[132], 2016	Epigallocatechin-3-gallate	SGC-7901 cells, Nude mouse tumour xenograft model	Wnt/β-catenin↓; GSK3b, β-catenin↓
		c11	Lee et al[75], 2018	Pectolinarigenin	AGS cell, MKN28 cell	PI3K/Akt/mTOR↓; PI3K, p-Akt, mTOR, p-p70S6K, p-4EBP1↓
		c10	Fu et al[133], 2019	Epigallocatechin-3-gallate	SGC7901 cell	VEGF, HIF-1α↓
		c12	Wang et al[77], 2020	Aloin	HGC-27 cell, BGC-823 cell	Akt/mTOR, Stat3, NF-κB↓; NOX2, ROS, Akt, mTOR, Stat3, IκBα, p65↓
		c13	Chen et al[109], 2020	Betulinic acid	BGC-823 cells, MNK45 cells	NF-κB, VASP↓
		c14	Geng et al[134], 2018	Usnic acid	BGC823 cell, SGC7901 cell	Bax, LC3-II↑; Bcl-2, p62↓
		c15	Xu et al[135], 2020	T-17	SGC-7901, AGS cell, MGC-803 cell, BGC-823 cell, NCI-N87 cell,HUVEC cell	JNK, Bcl-2↑
		c16	Liu et al[81], 2015	Ponicidin	MKN28 cell	JAK2/STAT3↓; Bcl-2, VEGF, VEGFR2, JAK2 STAT3↓; Bax, caspase-3↑
		c17	Chen et al[136], 2012	Tanshinone IIA	MKN45 cell, SGC7901 cell	cyto-c, Bax, Caspase-9↑; Bcl-2↓
		c18	Yang et al[52], 2020	Tomentosin	GCCs cell, AGS cell	IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-8, Bcl-2↓; Bax↑
		c19	Sun et al[137], 2007	Swainsonine	SGC-7901 cell, BALB/c nu/nu mice, GC model	p53, Bcl-2↓; cmyc↑
		c20	Tang et al[82], 2019	Micheliolide	AGS cell, N87 cell	IL-6, STAT3, cyclinD1, Mcl-1, MMP-2↓
		c21	Li et al[138], 2013	Andrographolide	BGC-823 cell	Bax, caspasase-3↑; Bcl-2↓
		c22	Liu et al[139], 2016	Curcumin	SGC7901 cell, GES-1 cell	c-Myc/H19↓; c-Myc, H19↓; p53↑
		c23	Lee et al[140], 2016	Quercetin	NOD/SCID mice, PLGC model SNU719 cell, MKN74 cells	p53, p21, Bax, Puma, caspase-3, caspase-9, PARP↑
		c4	Aziz et al[121], 2016	Ginsenoside Rg3	SGC-7901 cell	Caspases-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, PARP, SP1↑; HSF1, FUT4↓
		c24	Saralamma et al[141], 2015	Poncirin	AGS cells	Fasl, caspase-8, caspase-3, PARP↑
	Anti-inflammatory	c18	Yang et al[52], 2020	Tomentosin	GCCs cell, AGS cell	IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-8, Bcl-2↓; Bax↑
		c25	Tharmalingam et al[115], 2016	Piperine	AGS cell	β-catenin, IL-8↓
		c26	Su et al[53], 2019	Artemisinin	SGC-7901 cell, GES-1 cells, C57BL/6 J mice	NF-κB↓; IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2, p-IκBα↓; IκBα↑
		c27	Han et al[54], 2015	Rosmarinic acid	MKN45 cell	IL-6/STAT3↓; IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, TNFsR-1, HIF-1α, miRNA-155-5p↓; IL-10↑
		c28	Sun and Meng[55], 2022	Scutellarin	AGS cell, albino Wistar rats, GC modelr	TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2↓
	Anti-angiogenesis	c4	Li and Qu[89], 2019	Ginsenoside Rg3	BGC823 cell	HIF 1α, VEGF↓
	Inhibit glycolysis	C29	Wang et al[142], 2022	Licochalcone A	MKN45 cell, SGC7901cell, GES-1 cell	Akt/HK2↓; Akt, HK2↓
		C30	Chen et al[96], 2015	Baicalein	AGS cell	PTEN/Akt/HIF-1α↓; HK2, LDH-A, PDK1, Akt, HIF-1α↓; PTEN↑
		C31	Wang et al[142], 2022	Helichrysetin	MGC803 cell, HCT-8 cell	mTOR/p70S6K/c-Myc/PDHK1↓; mTOR/p70S6K, c-Myc, PDHK1↓
		C27	Han et al[54], 2015	Rosmarinic acid	MKN45 cell	IL-6/STAT3↓; IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, TNFsR-1, HIF-1α, miRNA-155-5p↓; IL-10↑
	Improvement of EMT	C32	Wang et al[99], 2022	Poria acid	AGS cell, MKN-28 cell	E-cadherin↑; N-cadherin, Vimentin↓
		C33	Zang et al[143], 2017	Luteolin	NCI-N87 cell, MKN28 cell, Hs-746T cell	E-cadherin↑; N-cadherin, vimentin, Snail↓
		c34	Zhou et al[108], 2019	Crocin	AGS cell, HGC-27 cell, GES-1 cell	miR-320/KLF5/HIF-1α; KLF5/HIF-1α; KLF5, HIF-1α↓; miR-320↑
		c7	Zhu and Wen, 2020[144], 2018	Astragaloside IV	BGC-823 cell, MKN-74 cell, GES-1 cell	PI3K/Akt/NF-κB↓; TGF-β1↓
	Regulate immune function	c35	Zhuang et al[105], 2020	Sophoridine	MFC cell, RAW264.7 cell	iNOS, IFN-β, IL-12α, Granzyme-B, TNF-α, Perforin↑; Arg-1, CD206, IL-10, PD-1, Tim-3, Lag-3, CCR2↓
		C36	Lu et al, 2021[104]	Oleanolic acid	MKN-45, Jurkat T cell	IL-1β/ NF-κB /TET3↓; PD-L1↓
	Induce autophagy	c11	Lee et al, 2018[75]	Pectolinarigenin	AGS cell, MKN28 cell	PI3K/Akt/mTOR↓; PI3K, p-Akt, mTOR, mTOR, p-p70S6K, p-4EBP1↓
		c14	Geng et al[134], 2018	Usnic acid	BGC823 cell, SGC7901 cell	Bax, LC3-II↑; Bcl-2, p62↓
		c15	Xu et al[135], 2020	T-17	SGC-7901, AGS, MGC-803, BGC-823, NCI-N87, HUVEC cell	JNK, Bcl-2↑
	Inhibits migration, and invasion	c12	Wang et al[77], 2020	Aloin	HGC-27 cell, BGC-823 cell	Akt/mTOR, Stat3, NF-κB↓; NOX2, ROS, Akt, mTOR, Stat3, IκBα, p65↓
		c13	Chen et al[109] , 2020	Betulinic acid	BGC-823 cells, MNK45 cells	NF-κB, VASP↓
		c34	Zhou et al[108], 2019	Crocin	AGS cell, HGC-27 cell, GES-1 cell	miR-320/KLF5/HIF-1α; KLF5/HIF-1α; KLF5, HIF-1α↓; miR-320↑
		c37	Cai et al[110], 2018	18β-glycyrrhetinic acid	SGC-7901 cell	ROS/PKC-α/ERK↓; ROS, PKC-α, ERK↓
		c30	Yan et al[111], 2015	Baicalein	SGC7901 Cell, MGC803 cell	MMP-2, mmp-9, p38↓
	Anti-Helicobacter pylori	c25	Tharmalingam et al[115], 2016	Piperine	AGS cell lines	β-catenin, IL-8↓
		c26	Su et al[53], 2019	Artemisinin	SGC-7901 cell, GES-1 cells	NF-κB↓; IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2, p-IκBα↓; IκBα↑
		c28	Sun and Meng[55], 2022	Scutellarin	(AGS) cell, albino Wistar rats, GC model	TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2↓

GPL: Gastric precancerous lesions; GC: Gastric cancer; EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation; NF-κB: Noncanonical nuclear factor-kappaB; TNF-α: Tumour necrosis factor alpha; IL: Interleukin; HIF-1α: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α.

Table 3 In vitro and in vivo protective effects of Chinese herbal compound on gastric precancerous lesions and gastric cancer

Pathological stages	Effect	No.	Ref.	Formulas	Main component	Animal/cells	Pathways/targets
GPL	Anti-proliferation inducing apoptosis	fa	Zeng et al[31], 2016	Weipixiao (WPX)	Radix Astragali, Radix Pseudostellariae, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhiz, Herba Hedyotis Diffusae	Male SD rats, PLGC model	Wnt/β-catenin↓; Lgr5, MMP-7, Wnt1, β-catenin↓
		fa	Zeng et al[145], 2018	Weipixiao (WPX)	Astragalus Membranaceus, Pseudostellaria Heterophylla, Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Curcuma zedoaria, Salvia Miltiorrhiza and Hedyotis Diffusa Willd	Male SD rats, PLGC model	Wnt/GSK3β; GSK3β↑; C-myc↓
		fb	Yin et al[29], 2019	Weiqi decoction (WQD)	Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Astragali, Radix Codonopsis, Rhizoma Curcumae, Fructus Aurantii, Fructus Akebiae and Herba Taraxaci	Male Wistar rats, CAG with Precancerous Lesion Mode	PGE2, caspase-3↑; Ki67, HIF-1, COX-2, VEGF, VEGFR1↓
		fc	Cai et al[146], 2022	Sancao Tiaowei Decoction	Pseudostellariae Radix, stirbaked Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma inbran, Poria, Agrimoniae Herba, Taraxaci Herba, Hedyotis Diffusa Willd, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Etrhizoma, Curcumae Rhizoma and Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma	SD male rats, PLGC model	Hh signaling↓; Shh, Gli-1, Smo, cyclinD1, CDKN2A/p16INK4a, NF-κB P65↓; Ptch↑
		fd	Hao et al[147], 2022	Huazhuojiedu decoction	Artemisia capillaris Thunb, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Oldenlandia diffusa Roxb, Isatis indigotica Fortune, Lobelia chinensis Lour, Pogostemon cablinBenth, Scutellaria barbata D. Don, Sophora flavescens Aiton, Coptis chinensis Franch, Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino, and Eupatorium fortunei Turcz	Male SD rats, PLGC model	Lnc 517368↓
		fe	Xu et al[148], 2018	Xiao Tan He Wei Decoction	Radix bupleuri, processed rhizomapinelliae, poriacocos, coptischinensis, oldenlandiadiffusa, dandelion,cassia twig, rhubarb, radix paeoniae alba, radix glycyrrhizae preparata	GES-1 cell, Wistar rats, PLGC rat animal models	Bax, caspase-3↑; Bcl-2, NF-κB↓
		ff	Shen et al[149], 2008	Jinguo Weikang Capsule (JWC)	Tinospora root, trifoliate-orange Immature fruit, kaempfer dutchmanspipe root	SD rats, PLGC model	H-ras, EGFR, P53, c-myc↓
	Anti-inflammatory	fb	Yin et al[29], 2019	Weiqi decoction (WQD)	Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Astragali, Radix Codonopsis, Rhizoma Curcumae, Fructus Aurantii, Fructus Akebiae, and Herba Taraxaci	Male Wistar rats, CAG with Precancerous Lesion Mode	PGE2, caspase-3↑; Ki67, HIF-1, COX-2, VEGF,VEGFR1↓
		fg	Deng et al[125], 2012	Weining granule	Radix Astragali Mongolici, Herba Hedyotdis, Rhizoma Curcumae Phaeocau, Fructus Lycii	Male Wistar rats, PLGC model	VEGF, IL-6, IgG↓; CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, IL-2↑
	Anti-angiogenesis	fb	Yin et al[29], 2019	Weiqi decoction (WQD)	Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Astragali, Radix Codonopsis, Rhizoma Curcumae, Fructus Aurantii, Fructus Akebiae, and Herba Taraxaci	Male Wistar rats, CAG with Precancerous Lesion Mode	PGE2, caspase 3↑; Ki67, HIF-1, COX-2, VEGF,VEGFR1↓
		fa	Zeng et al[59], 2018	Weipixiao (WPX)	Astragalus Membranaceus, Pseudostellaria Heterophylla, Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Curcuma zedoaria, Salvia Miltiorrhiza and Hedyotis Diffusa Willd	Male SD rats, PLGC model	ERK1/CylinD1; HIF-1α, VEGF, ERK1, CylinD1↓
		fh	Wang et al[150], 2020	Jinlongshe (JLS)	Rhizoma Pinelliae, Radix, Rhizome Arisaemat, Glycyrrhizaepreparata, corium stomachiumgalli, etc.	Male SD rats, PLGC model	Apelin, CD34↓
	Protecting gastric mucosa	fi	Yi et al[151], 2022	Elian granules	Curcumae Rhizoma, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Angelicae Sinensis, Diels, Coptidis Rhizoma, Hedyotis Diffusa, Codonopsis Radix, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Pinelliae Rhizoma, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Poria	Male SD rats, PLGC model	MAPK; JNK, p38↑
		fj	Wang et al[32], 2020	WeiFuChun (WFC)	Radix Ginseng Rubra (red ginseng), Rabdosia amethystoides H. Hara, and fried Fructus Aurantii	Male SD rats, PLGC model	MAPK; VEGF, FOXO4, AKT, TP53, FAS, MAPK8, MAPK11, MAPK14↓
	Inhibit glycolysis	fa	Cai et al[64], 2019	Weipixiao (WPX)	Astragalus, Radix Pseudostellariae, Atractylodes macrocephala, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge, Oldenlandia diffusa(Willd.)Roxb	Male SD rats, PLGC model	miRNA-34a/PI3K/AKT/Mtor; LDHA, CD147, MCT4, PI3K, AKT, mTOR, HIF-1α, miRNA-34a↓
		fk	Liu et al[152], 2019	Weipiling (WPL)	Hedysarum multijugum Maxim, Pseudostellaria heterophylla Pax, Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, Poria cocos Wolf, Panax notoginseng F.H. Chen, Curcuma zedoaria, Roscoe,Hedyotis diffusa Willd,Hericium erinaceus Pers	Male Atp4a-/-C57Bl/6 mice	mTOR/HIF-1α↓; CDX2, MUC2, ki-67, PTEN and p53, mTOR, HIF-1a, AMPK↓; TSC1, TSC2↑
	Improvement of EMT	fl	Li et al[69], 2022	Manpixiao decoction	Heterophylla falsestarwort root, root of red rooted salvia, drug solomonseal, common perilla stem, largehead atractylodes rhizome, corydalis ambigua, japanese apricot fruit, citron, rose, villous amomum fruit, spreading hedyotis herb, liquorice	Wistar male rats, PLGC model	EGFR-PI3K-AKT↓; EGFR, β-catenin, N-cadherin protein↓
GC	Anti-proliferation inducing apoptosis	fm	He et al[76], 2020	Weifufang	Astragalus, Codonopsis pilosula, Atractylodes macrocephala, Poria cocos, Nutgrass Galingale Rhizome, Radix Curcumae, Sappan Wood, Rhizoma Curcumae, Zaoxiu Paris Root Rhizoma Paridis, Barbed Skullcap Herb, Ligustrum lucidum, South Dodder Seed, Oldenlandia, Liquorice Root, Chicken’s Gizzard-membrane, fry malt, and fry Rice-grain Sprout	BALB/c-nu nude mice, BGC-823 cell, Nude mice with xenografts	PTEN↑
		fn	Fang et al[153], 2021	Huosu Yangwei (HSYW)	Huoxiang, Zisugeng, Baizhu, Zhike, Doukou, Foshou, Wumei, Shengjiang, Dazao, Gancao, Huangqi, Dihuang, Mudanpi, Tianhuafen, Danggui, Chuanxiong, Ezhu, Gouqizi, Huanglian, Dangsheng, and Pugongying	Male Balb/c mice, PLGC model	DNAJB4, CALD1, AKR1C1, CST1, CASP1, PREX1, SOCS3, PRDM1
		fo	Yuan et al[154], 2020	Jianpi Yangzheng Xiaozheng (JPYZXZ) decoction	Radix astragali, Radix codonopsis pilosulae, Rhizoma Sparganiiand Rhizoma Curcumae	HGC-27 cells ,THP-1 cell, MFC cell	PI3Kγ, NF-κB, AKT, p-C/EBPβ, IL-10↓; IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-12p↑
		fg	Deng et al[92], 2019	Weining granule	Radix Astragali Mongolici and Herba Hedyotdis Rhizoma Curcumae Phaeocaulis,Fructus Lycii	Male Wistar rats, PLGC model	Bcl-2, VEGF↓; caspase-3, PTEN↑
	Anti-inflammatory	fp	Li et al[155], 2021	Guiqi Baizhu prescription	Astragali radix, Atractylodis macrocephalae, Angelicae,Paeoniae radix alba, Pericarpium citri reticulatae, Rhubarb, Glycyrrhizae	MKN-45 cell, SGC-7901 cell, BGC-823 cell, GES-1cell	HER2, PD-L1↑
	Anti-angiogenesis	fg	Deng et al[92], 2019	Weining granule	Radix Astragali Mongolici and Herba Hedyotdis Rhizoma Curcumae Phaeocaulis, Fructus Lycii	Male Wistar rats, PLGC model	Bcl-2, VEGF↓; caspase-3, PTEN↑
	Improvement of EMT	fq	Liu et al[100], 2020	Babao Dan	Natural bezoar, snake gall, antelope horn, pearl, musk, and Panax notoginseng	AGS cell, MGC803 cell	TGF-b/Smad↓; TGF-b1, p-Smad2/3↓
		fo	Yuan et al[154], 2020	Jianpi Yangzheng Xiaozheng (JPYZXZ) decoction	Radix astragali, Radix codonopsis pilosulae, Rhizoma Sparganiiand Rhizoma Curcumae	HGC-27 cells, THP-1 cell, MFC cell	PI3Kγ, NF-κB, AKT, p-C/EBPβ, IL-10↓; IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-12p↑
	Inhibits migration, and invasion	fr	Chen et al[112], 2018	Yangzheng Sanjie Decoction (YZSJD)	Astragali Radix, Scutellariae Barbatae, Herba, Arisaematis Rhizoma Preparatum, Citri Sarcodactylis, Fructus, Cremastrae Pseudobulbus and Curcumae Longae, Rhizoma	MKN-45 cell	EGFR, miR-7↑

SD: Sprague Dawley; GPL: Gastric precancerous lesions; GC: Gastric cancer; EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation; NF-κB: Noncanonical nuclear factor-kappa B.