Systematic Reviews
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Jul 15, 2021; 13(7): 732-757
Published online Jul 15, 2021. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i7.732
Table 1 Study details of studies concerning outcomes
Ref.YearCountryStudy designNumber of patientsAge in yr
Abu Hilal et al[24]2012United KingdomRetrosp.8366 (32-85)
Abu Hilal et al[71]2010United KingdomRetrosp.5066 (17)1
Allard et al[60]2015FranceRetrosp., PSM17665.1 ± 11
Barkhatov et al[25]2016NorwayRetrosp.14469 (30-89)
Beard et al[43]2015United StatesRetrosp., PSM11561 ± 12
Beppu et al[72]2015JapanRetrosp., PSM171-
Berardi et al[73]2017Belgium, Norway, United Kingdom, ItalyRetrosp.1048-
Castaing et al[32]2009FranceRetrosp.6062 ± 11
Chen et al[74]2018ChinaRetrosp.156-
Cheung et al[48]2013ChinaRetrosp., case-matched control2057.5 (42-74)
Cipriani et al[75]2015United KingdomRetrosp.142-
Cipriani et al[29]2016United KingdomRetrosp., PSM133-
D’Hondt et al[76]2018BelgiumRetrosp.136-
de’Angelis et al[44]2015FranceRetrosp., PSM5263 (32-81)
Efanov et al[77]2018RussiaRetrosp., PSM60-
Eveno et al[78]2016France, Spain, United Kingdom, Germany, Canada, SwitzerlandRetrosp., PSM585-
Fretland et al[12]2019NorwayRCT133-
Fretland et al[9]2018NorwayRCT13367 ± 8
Goumard et al[45]2018United StatesRetrosp., PSM4359 (26-78)
Guerron et al[50]2013United StatesRetrosp.4066.2 ± 1.9
Hirokawa et al[79]2014United StatesRetrosp., matched-pair46-
Inoue et al[80]2013JapanRetrosp.2366.1 ± 9.6
Iwahashi et al[81]2014United StatesRetrosp., matched-pair2167.5 (47-92)
Karagkounis et al[46]2016United StatesRetrosp., case-control6564 (54-71)1
Kasai et al[82]2018BelgiumRCT2065.2 (40.4-86.1)
Kazaryan et al[26]2010NorwayRetrosp.107-
Kazaryan et al[83]2010NorwayRetrosp.96-
Kubota et al[51]2014JapanRetrosp.4364.4 ± 11.4
Langella et al[52]2015ItalyRetrosp., case-control3763 (37-86)
Lewin et al[84]2016AustraliaRetrosp., PSM146-
Martínez-Cecilia et al[30]2017United Kingdom, Italy, France, Belgium, NorwayRetrosp., PSM22575 (70-87)1
Nguyen et al[31]2009United States, FranceRetrosp.10963 (32-88)
Nomi et al[27]2016France, JapanRetrosp., case-matched12061 (26-89)
Postriganova et al[28]2014NorwayRetrosp.15566 (35-84)
Qiu et al[41]2013ChinaRetrosp., comparative cohort3052.5 ± 11.5
Ratti et al[53]2018ItalyRetrosp., PSM10462 (35-81)
Robles-Campos et al[49]2019SpainRCT9666 (58-72)1
Shelat et al[85]2015SingaporeRetrosp.22-
Shim et al[54]2018South KoreaRetrosp.2265.5 ± 8.9
Tabchouri et al[70]2018FranceRetrosp.30264.4 ± 11.1
Tohme et al[55]2015United StatesRetrosp., case-matched6662.1 (11.2)1
Topal et al[86]2012BelgiumRetrosp.8164.3 (35.4-83)
Vibert et al[87]2006FranceRetrosp.37-
Yue et al[39]2018ChinaRetrosp.7874 (70-78)
Yun et al[88]2012South KoreaRetrosp.23-
Zeng et al[56]2016ChinaRetrosp., PSM7969 (65-75)
Andorra et al[89]2013SpainRetrosp.21-
Abu Hilal et al[90]2011United KingdomRetrosp., case-control2164 (26-82)
Nomi et al[57]2015FranceRetrosp., case-matched9364 (32-85)
Topal et al[58]2013BelgiumRetrosp., case-matched20-
Vavra et al[63]2015Czech Republic, United KingdomProsp., cohort2562.1 ± 10.3
Montalti et al[91]2016BelgiumRetrosp., PSM44-
Okuno et al[42]2018United StatesRetrosp., PSM2954 (27-78)
Portigliotti et al[92]2017France, ItalyRetrosp.7862.3 (37.8-86.0)
Scuderi et al[93]2017Belgium, Norway, Italy, United Kingdom, Spain, FranceRetrosp., PSM49-
Efanov et al[94]2020RussiaRetrosp. PSM5159 (41-84)
Aghayan et al[47]2017NorwayRetrosp.29666 (29-89)
Montalti et al[33]2015BelgiumRetrosp.11466.4 ± 0.89
Okumura et al[95]2019FranceRetrosp., PSM8265 (33-83)
Martínez-Cecilia et al[62]2018United Kingdom, SpainRetrosp.21-
Berti et al[40]2015GermanyRetrosp.3571 (35-82)
Dagher et al[61]2016United StatesRetrosp., PSM8966.6 ± 10.8
Ferretti et al[64]2015France, United States, Italy, South KoreaRetrosp.14266 (32-85)
Jung et al[96]2014South KoreaRetrosp., case-match2460 (43-75)
Ratti et al[65]2016ItalyRetrosp., PSM2560 (37-80)
Shin et al[34]2019South KoreaRetrosp., PSM10956 ± 11
van der Poel et al[97]2019The Netherlands, BelgiumRetrosp., PSM6164 ± 13.1
Xu et al[35]2018ChinaRetrosp. PSM2058.2 ± 10.66
Okumura et al[59]2019FranceRetrosp., PSM3862 (32-85)
Nomi et al[36]2016FranceRetrosp.208-
Hallet et al[37]2017FranceRetrosp,. PSM2763.6 (59.0-70.9)
van der Poel et al[38]2019United KingdomRetrosp., PSM27163 ± 11
1Interquartile range.
Numbers are presented as median (range) or mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. Prosp.: Prospective; PSM: Propensity score-matched; RCT: Randomized controlled trial; Retrosp.: Retrospective.
Table 2 Study details of studies concerning prognostic factors
Ref.YearCountryStudy designSpecific for LLR?Number of patientsAge in yr
Langella et al[52]2015ItalyRetrosp., case-controlNo74-
Nomi et al[27]2016France, JapanRetrosp., case-matchedYes12061 (26-89)
Postriganova et al[28]2014NorwayRetrosp.Yes15566 (35-84)
Tabchouri et al[70]2018FranceRetrosp.Yes30264.4 ± 11.1
Tohme et al[55]2015United StatesRetrosp., case-matchedNo132-
Topal et al[86]2012BelgiumRetrosp.No274-
Yue et al[39]2018ChinaRetrosp.Yes241-
Zeng et al[56]2016ChinaRetrosp., PSMNo158-
Montalti et al[33]2015BelgiumRetrosp.Yes11466.4 ± 0.89
Cervantes et al[98]2019FranceRetrosp.Yes227-
De Haas et al[99]2009The NetherlandsRetrosp.No796-
Jones et al[100]2014United KingdomRetrosp. cohortNo, only open7369.1 (59.8-73.9)1
Ratti et al[101]2019France, ItalyRetrosp., PSMYes146-
Nieropet al[102]2019The Netherlands, Belgium, United StatesRetrosp.No1302-
1Interquartile range.
Numbers are presented as median (range) or mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. LLR: laparoscopic liver resection; PSM: propensity score-matched; Retrosp.: retrospective.
Table 3 Operative outcomes
Ref.Blood loss (mL)Operative time (min)Intraoperative blood transfusion (%)Conversion rate (%)Major resection proportion (%)R0 resection proportion (%)
LLR in general
Abu Hilal et al[24]300 (20-3000)220 (40-540)-8--
Abu Hilal et al[71]363 (500)1220 (145)1212-96
Allard et al[60]---1.7-85.8
Barkhatov et al[25]250 (0-4000)180 (41-488)-1.4--
Beard et al[43]-----77.4
Beppu et al[72]-282 (60-1120)8.4-690
Castaing et al[32]-278 ± 12315104387
Chen et al[74]-----93.6
Cheung et al[48]200 (10-1300)180 (58-460)0---
Cipriani et al[29]400 (10-2800)295 (10-540)-9.848.992.5
de’Angelis et al[44]200 (50-550)210.5 (60-420)5.85.8-82.7
Efanov et al[77]---3--
Fretland et al[9]300 (224 -375)2123 (108-138)2-2--
Goumard et al[45]100 (10 - 805)----81
Guerron et al[50]376 ± 122239 ± 175---
Inoue et al[80]99 ± 207204 ± 1014.34.2--
Iwahashi et al[81]198 ± 39377 ± 29----
Karagkounis et al[46]200 (50-500)1235 (185-307)14.67.7-78.5
Kasai et al[82]50 (0-500)268 ± 104--18.2-
Kazaryan et al[26]300 (< 50-> 5000)192 (64-635)164.2-93.4
Kubota et al[51]287.3 ± 459.3333.9 ± 150.32.4---
Langella et al[52]100 ± 143.7-0-5.4-
Lewin et al[84]----27-
Martínez-Cecilia et al[30]250 (10-2600)1230 (30-555)1117.62188
Nguyen et al[31]200 (20-2500)234 (60-555)103.14594.4
Nomi et al[27]200 (0-3000)245 (60-540)13.36.769.294.2
Postriganova et al[28]250 (0-4000)152 (29-488)-3.2--
Qiu et al[41]215 ± 170235 ± 70-6.7--
Ratti et al[53]250 (100-900)220 (150-540)7.715.426.9-
Robles-Campos et al[49]100 (50-300)1120 (90-180)14.2-11.595.8
Shim et al[54]100 (30-950)135 (40-360)9.1-9.1-
Tabchouri et al[70]----39-
Tohme et al[55]150 (50-150)1-12-2388
Topal et al[86]50 (10-300)1120 (80-200)1--22-
Yue et al[39]260 (180-430)180 (160-260)57.7-78
Zeng et al[56]250 (160-420)200 (150-230)----
Major LLR
Abu Hilal et al[24]875 (75-3000)330 (180-540)-1933-
Abu Hilal et al[90]700 (75-3000)300 (180-465)22-10095
Nomi et al[57]300 (10-3000)274 (100-540)10.810.810091.4
Topal et al[58]550 (100-4000)257.5 (75-360)--10095
Minor LLR
Abu Hilal et al[24]175 (20-1400)180 (40-340)-433-
Vavra et al[63]132.3 ± 218166.4 ± 81.5--0-
LLR of posterosuperior segments
Okuno et al[42]100 (10-800)217 (62-586)3.5-13.886.2
Portigliotti et al[92]195 (0-1300)195 (40-600)1.22.5--
Efanov et al[94]282 (0-3300)327 (80-755)----
Parenchyma sparing LLR
Aghayan et al[47]200 (< 50-4000)134 (20-373)-1.7-81
Montalti et al[33]250 (0-2800)276 ± 10.1-14.97-
Okumura et al[95]120 (0-2900)196 (20-480)2.43.7-96.3
Simultaneous laparoscopic colorectal and liver resection
Berti et al[40]200 (70-1000)240 (120-450)-0--
Dagher et al[61]229 ± 228332 ± 11087890
Ferretti et al[64]200 (0-1800)360 (120-690)8.54.9--
Jung et al[96]325 (50-900)290 (183-551)-0--
Ratti et al[65]350 (100-1000)420 (170-720)8424-
Shin et al[34]-336 ± 11913.82.829.4-
van der Poel et al[97]200 (100-700)1206 (166-308)1-5093
Xu et al[35]175 (100-275)246.75 ± 78.2020-20-
Two-stage hepatectomy
Okumura et al[59] FSH50 (0-350)159 (70-415)03-97
SSH225 (50-1300)305 (150-480)1311-95
Repeat LLR
Nomi et al[36]1st200 (10-3000)210 (40-540)9.94.34693.6
2nd240 (10-1100)210 (90-600)2042.697.9
3rd150 (10-600)250 (100-515)01.63095
Hallet et al[37]-252.5 (180-322.5)14.83.792.684.6
van der Poel et al[38]200 (50-600)193 (120-270)-11.152.491.8
1Interquartile range.
295% confidence interval.
Numbers are presented as median (range) or mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. LLR: Laparoscopic liver resection.
Table 4 Postoperative short-term outcomes
Ref.
Hospital stay (d)
Morbidity (%)
Major complications (%)
90-d mortality (%)
Time to AC (d)
LLR in general
Abu Hilal et al[24]4 (1-15)-11--
Abu Hilal et al[71]4 (2.5)1----
Allard et al[60]11.4 ± 10-17.62.3-
Beard et al[43]4 (2-6)127.814.8--
Beppu et al[72]12 (3-192)14.1-0-
Castaing et al[32]10 (5-50)27---
Cheung et al[48]4.5 (3-56)105--
Cipriani et al[29]4 (1-57)23.3-0.8-
de’Angelis et al[44]6 (2-13)17.3-0-
Efanov et al[77]-15-0-
Eveno et al[78]--17.9--
Fretland et al[12]-19---
Fretland et al[9]2.2 (1.9-2.5)219-0-
Goumard et al[45]4 (1 - 12.5)2614--
Guerron et al[50]3.7 ± 0.5150--
Inoue et al[80]10.8 ± 11.28.7---
Karagkounis et al[46]4 (3-5)126.24.6--
Kasai et al[82]4 (2-15)15---
Kazaryan et al[26]3 (1-42)----
Kubota et al[51]7.3 ± 1.82.40--
Langella et al[52]5 (3-13)13.52.7--
Martínez-Cecilia et al[30]5 (3-33)2250.4-
Nguyen et al[31]4 (17-22)12---
Nomi et al[27]-41.717.50.8-
Postriganova et al[28]3 (3-4)117.1--
Qiu et al[41]7.5 ± 1.526.2---
Ratti et al[53]3 (4-37)20.26.71-
Robles-Campos et al[49]4 (4-5)111.56.25--
Shim et al[54]8.5 (5-22)9.10--
Tabchouri et al[70]---0.4-
Tohme et al[55]4 (3-6)1266-42 (34-54)1
Topal et al[86]5 (3-7)114---
Yue et al[39]10 (7-32)276.41.3-
Zeng et al[56]10 (8-25)17.72.5--
Major LLR
Abu Hilal et al[24]5 (2-12)-19--
Abu Hilal et al[90]5 (3-20)14-0-
Nomi et al[57]10 (5-57)50.523.70-
Topal et al[58]-35-0-
Minor LLR
Abu Hilal et al[24]3 (1-15)-7--
Vavra et al[63]8.4 ± 24---
LLR of posterosuperior segments
Okuno et al[42]4 (1-12)20.710.30-
Portigliotti et al[92]-35.513.50-
Efanov et al[94]9 (4-29)--0-
Parenchyma sparing LLR
Aghayan et al[47]3 (1-35)14.5-0-
Montalti et al[33]6 ± 0.2820.2---
Okumura et al[95]6 (1-45)116.10-
Simultaneous laparoscopic colorectal and liver resection
Berti et al[40]8 (4-30)----
Dagher et al[61]10.3 ± 9.61546-
Ferretti et al[64]8 (3-84)31-2.1-
Jung et al[96]8 (5-23)1713--
Ratti et al[65]9 (4-17)24-0-
Shin et al[34]12 ± 620.2---
van der Poel et al[97]6 (5-9)1-15--
Xu et al[35]9 (8.25-11.75)15---
Two-stage hepatectomy
Okumura et al[59]6 (0-34)1680-
FSH
SSH9 (4-49)261831.4 mo (0.9-3.5 mo)
Repeat LLR
Nomi et al[36]7 (2-45)34.816.30.7-
1st
2nd7 (4-71)27.76.40-
3rd9 (4-15)30100-
Hallet et al[37]9 (8-18)1----
van der Poel et al[38]4 (3-7)-70.7-
1Interquartile range.
295% confidence interval.
Numbers are presented as median (range) or mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. AC: Adjuvant chemotherapy; LLR: Laparoscopic liver resection.
Table 5 Long-term and oncologic outcomes
Ref.
Recurrence rate (%)
1-yr OS (%)
3-yr OS (%)
5-yr OS (%)
10-yr OS (%)
1-yr DFS (%)
3-yr DFS (%)
5-yr DFS (%)
1-yr RFS (%)
3-yr RFS (%)
5-yr RFS (%)
LLR in general
Abu Hilal et al[71]16 (after median FU of 22 mo)----------
Allard et al[60]--8570--4231---
Barkhatov et al[25]---54-------
Beard et al[43]---60---44---
Beppu et al[72]-96.384.270.1----70.754.553.4
Berardi et al[73]56.9 (after median FU of 8.4 mo)947454----664637
Castaing et al[32]57 (after median FU of 30 mo)978264-704735653030
Cipriani et al[75]57.785.966.7-----54.229.4-
Cipriani et al[29]-90.876.864.3-68.544.135.860.530.423.7
D’Hondt et al[76]---65-------
de’Angelis et al[44]44.2 (after mean FU of 58.6 ± 44.4 mo)96.180.773.1-7528.821.1---
Eveno et al[78]--7170--3427---
Guerron et al[50]35 (after median FU of 16 mo)----------
Hirokawa et al[79]-1008888-614141---
Iwahashi et al[81]-1008442-571414---
Karagkounis et al[46]--7662-------
Kasai et al[82]-10085.468-55.730.430.4---
Kazaryan et al[26]-846947-634542442424
Kazaryan et al[83]---46-------
Kubota et al[51]--88.4--------
Langella et al[52]37.8 (after median FU of 35.7 ± 24.9 mo)-91.8---69.1----
Lewin et al[84]---54------36
Martínez-Cecilia et al[30]-936843----714331
Nguyen et al[31]-886950-654343---
Postriganova et al[28]-846449-614541483533
Postriganova et al[28]38.5----------
Postriganova et al[28]67.7 (after median FU of 40 mo)92.571.549.3-72.733.522.7---
Postriganova et al[28]-----68.222.718.1---
Tabchouri et al[70]72 (after median FU of 16 mo)-827143------
Tohme et al[55]--74.451.3-------
Vibert et al[87]-9787--7451----
Yue et al[39]52.5 (after FU of 31 mo)--52---45---
Yun et al[88]--95--------
Andorra et al[89]---43.5-------
Major LLR
Nomi et al[57]67.7 (after median FU of 39 mo)----------
Topal et al[58]-90-48-60-43---
Minor LLR
Vavra et al[63]---82.1---63.2---
LLR of posterosuperior segments
Montalti et al[91]-96.470.862.9----63.737.132.5
Okuno et al[42]-100------49.9--
Scuderi et al[93]---------36-
Efanov et al[94]---60-------
Parenchyma sparing LLR
Aghayan et al[47]64 (after median FU of 6 mo)-6848-----3634
Montalti et al[33]57.9 (after mean follow-up of 30.9 mo ± 1.71)987559----64.235.231
Okumura et al[95]59.8 (after median FU of 33.9 mo)-85.1------28.8-
Martínez-Cecilia et al[62]-948265----827154
Simultaneous laparoscopic colorectal and liver resection
Berti et al[40]60 (after median FU of 19 mo)----------
Dagher et al[61]28 (after median FU of 26 mo)9778--7964----
Ferretti et al[64]28.2 (after median FU of 29 mo)98.882.171.9-85.665.963---
Ratti et al[65]36 (after mean FU of 37 mo)----------
Shin et al[34]--74.4---58.5--59.6-
Xu et al[35]--51.3---31.6----
Two-stage hepatectomy
Okumura et al[59]--80--------
Repeat LLR
Nomi et al[36]77.8 (after a median FU of 43 mo)--43.2-------
Hallet et al[37]66.7 (after a median FU of 20.7 mo)---------21.4
DFS: Disease-free survival; FU: Follow-up; LLR: Laparoscopic liver resection; OS: Overall survival; RFS: Recurrence-free survival.
Table 6 General conclusions about laparoscopic liver resections
Ref.SafeFeasibleEffectiveOncological efficiencyShort-term advantages
LLR in general
Abu Hilal et al[71]Yes-Yes--
Allard et al[60]---YesYes
Beppu et al[72]---YesYes
Castaing et al[32]---Yes-
Cheung et al[48]Yes-YesYesYes
Cipriani et al[75]Yes--YesYes
Cipriani et al[29]---YesYes
D’Hondt et al[76]---Yes-
de’Angelis et al[44]---YesYes
Eveno et al[78]---YesYes
Fretland et al[12]---Yes-
Guerron et al[50]---YesYes
Inoue et al[80]Yes---Yes
Iwahashi et al[81]YesYes-Yes-
Karagkounis et al[46]---YesYes
Kazaryan et al[83]Yes--Yes-
Kubota et al[51]--YesYes-
Langella et al[52]Yes--Yes-
Lewin et al[84]---Yes-
Martínez-Cecilia et al[30]---YesYes
Nguyen et al[31]YesYes-Yes-
Nomi et al[27]Yes--Yes-
Qiu et al[41]YesYes--Yes
Ratti et al[53]-YesYesYesYes
Robles-Campos et al[49]---YesYes
Tabchouri et al[70]---Yes-
Tohme et al[55]----Yes
Topal et al[86]---YesYes
Yue et al[39]---Yes-
Yun et al[88]-Yes---
Zeng et al[56]YesYes-Yes-
Major LLR
Abu Hilal et al[90]Yes-YesYes-
Nomi et al[57]Yes----
Topal et al[58]-Yes-Yes-
Minor LLR
Vavra et al[63]--YesYes-
LLR of posterosuperior segments
Okuno et al[42]----Yes
Portigliotti et al[92]----Yes
Parenchyma sparing LLR
Aghayan et al[47]Yes--Yes-
Montalti et al[33]---Yes-
Okumura et al[95]---YesYes
Simultaneous laparoscopic colorectal and liver resection
Berti et al[40]-YesYes--
Dagher et al[61]---Yes-
Ferretti et al[64]YesYes-Yes-
Jung et al[96]-Yes--Yes
Ratti et al[65]-Yes-YesYes
Shin et al[34]---YesYes
van der Poel et al[97]Yes----
Xu et al[35]YesYesYes-Yes
Two-stage hepatectomy
Okumura et al[59]YesYes-Yes-
Repeat LLR
Nomi et al[36]YesYes---
Hallet et al[37]YesYes---
van der Poel et al[38]-Yes--Yes
LLR: Laparoscopic liver resection.
Table 7 Prognostic factors for survival in liver resection for colorectal liver metastases
Ref.Prognostic factorAffected outcome + influenceHR (95%CI)P value
Langella et al[52]Postoperative complicationsWorse 3-yr OS3.804 (1.336-10.832)0.012
Multiple metastases3.421 (1.317-8.890)0.012
Nomi et al[27]Synchronous CRLMWorse OS1.482 (0.621-2.859)0.023
Positive surgical margin2.342 (1.356-2.912)0.012
Node-positive primary tumorNo difference in OS1.857 (0.712-3.459)0.382
Bilobar metastases1.398 (0.728-2.458)0.298
CRLM ≥ 5 cm6.813 (2.348-4.245)0.351
Postriganova et al[28]Resection margin width (< 1 mm, 1-< 3 mm, 3-< 10 mm and ≥ 10 mm)No difference in length of survival-0.988
No difference in DFS-0.978
No difference in RFS-0.913
Tabchouri et al[70]Node-positive primary tumorIncreased risk of recurrence1.611 (1.14-2.28)0.007
Extrahepatic disease before hepatectomy1.745 (1.24-2.45)0.001
R1 resection1.648 (1.08-2.52)0.021
Age > 70 yrWorse survival3.157 (1.10-3.10)0.021
Recurrence4.637 (1.60-6.26)0.002
Tohme et al[55]MILS (vs OLR)Timely initiation of AC2.23 (1.16-4.31)0.017
OLR with postoperative complications (vs MILS without complications)0.45 (0.23-0.86)0.017
Number of lesions (solitary vs multiple)1.71 (1.14-2.54)0.009
Length of stay (> 4 vs ≤ 4 d)0.64 (0.41-0.99)0.043
AC more than 60 d after surgeryWorse RFS0.05
Worse OS0.06
Topal et al[86]Fong’s CRSWorse DFS1.46 (1.19-1.78)0.0002
Preoperative systemic chemotherapy1.70 (1.15-2.52)0.008
Male sexWorse OS2.54 (1.45-4.45)0.001
Interval systemic chemotherapy and surgery for CRLM1.06 (1.01-1.10)0.012
Fong’s CRS1.49 (1.16-1.91)0.002
Yue et al[39]TNM stage of primary tumor (III vs I-II)Worse OS1.981 (1.258-3.854)0.021
Disease-free interval (< 12 vs ≥ 12 mo)1.610 (1.378-2.873)0.015
Number of metastases (≥3 vs < 3)1.500 (1.258-1.870)0.041
Disease-free interval (< 12 vs ≥ 12 mo)Worse DFS1.874 (1.215-2.001)0.036
Preoperative CEA levels (≥ 5 vs < 5 ng/mL)1.740 (1.418-2.108)0.028
Zeng et al[56]Disease-free interval (< 36 vs ≥ 36 mo)5-yr OS2.9871 (2.012-6.980)0.009
Disease-free interval (< 36 vs ≥ 36 mo)5-yr DFS2.9501 (1.895-3.562)0.010
Montalti et al[33]Lesions located in posterosuperior segmentsWorse tumor recurrence2.4 (1.24-4.61)0.009
Blood loss (≥ 1000 mL vs < 1000 mL)3.2 (1.23-7.99)0.012
R1 marginsNo difference in OS1.06 (0.57-3.80)0.37
CEA levels (≥ 10 µg/L vs < 10 µg/L)Worse OS4.2 (2.02-16.9)0.001
Multiple lesions (>2 vs ≤2 lesions)Increased risk of R1 margins9.32 (1.14-32.5)0.037
Cervantes et al[98]CRLM minimum size <9 mmWorse RFS1.6 (1.1-2.4)< 0.05
Worse hepatic RFS1.8 (1.2-3.0)< 0.05
De Haas et al[99]Development of adrenal metastases after LRWorse survival-0.020
Jones et al[100]SUVmean during PET-CTInsignificant negative effect on OS1.053 (0.839-1.321)0.659
Log(volume of tumor)Insignificant negative effect on OS1.699 (0.964-2.993)0.067
Ratti et al[101]Right colonic neoplasmsWorse RFS2.382 (1.46-2.75)0.042
T-stage of primary tumor (T3-T4)1.962 (1.55-3.01)0.044
RAS mutation2.122 (1.33-2.96)0.039
CRS > 32.572 (1.68-3.65)0.029
Absence of perioperative chemotherapy2.312 (1.39-3.21)0.039
Right colonic neoplasmsWorse OS2.412 (1.39-2.81)0.046
T-stage of primary tumor (T3-T4)1.862 (1.43-2.78)0.048
RAS mutation2.222 (1.42-3.07)0.037
CRS > 32.752 (1.83-3.62)0.032
Absence of perioperative chemotherapy2.162 (1.40-3.06)0.042
Nierop et al[102]Non-dHGPHigher risk of positive resection margins1.7871 (1.112-2.871)0.016
Number of CRLM1.1531 (1.077-1.234)< 0.001
Non-dHGPWorse OS1.57 (1.26-1.95)< 0.001
Positive resection margins1.41(1.13-1.76)0.002
Age at resection1.016 (1.008-1.023)< 0.001
Node positive primary1.455 (1.226-1.728)< 0.001
Number of CRLM1.078 (1.039-1.118)< 0.001
Size of CRLM1.063 (1.035-1.091)< 0.001
Preoperative CEANo difference in OS1.000 (1.000-1.000)0.898
1Odds ratio.
2Risk ratio.
Numbers are presented as median (range) or mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. AC: Adjuvant chemotherapy; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CI: Confidence interval; CRLM: Colorectal liver metastases; CRS: Clinical risk score; DFS: Disease-free survival; HR: Hazard ratio; LR: Liver resection; MILS: Minimally invasive surgery; non-dHGP: Non-desmoplastic growth pattern; OLR: Open liver resection; OS: Overall survival; PET-CT: Positron emission tomography-computed tomography; RFS: Recurrence-free survival; SUV: Standard uptake value.