Pharmacological role of Herba Patriniae and Coix seed in colorectal cancer

Figure 1 A graphical illustration showcasing the immunomodulatory mechanisms of Herba Patriniae and Coix seed on signaling pathways implicated in the onset and progression of cancer. APC: Anaphase-promoting-complex; BAX: B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2-associated X protein; BCL-2: B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2; CK1: Casein kinase; DR5: Death receptor 5; DVL: Dishevelled; EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor; ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases; IL: Interleukin; IKB: IkappaB; IKK: KappaB kinase; LRP: Lung resistance protein; MDM2: Murine double minute 2; MEK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase; MMPs: Matrix metalloproteinases; MTORC1: Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1; MyD88: Myeloid differentiation factor 88; NF-κB: NFkappaB; PDK1: Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1; PI3K: Phosphoinositide 3 kinase; RAS: Rat sarcoma; RTKs: Receptor tyrosine kinases; TBK1: TANK-binding kinase 1; TGF: Transforming growth factor; TGFBR2: Transforming growth factor-beta1 receptor 2; TLR: Toll like receptor; TNF-α: Tumour necrosis factor-alpha; TRAF2: Tumour necrosis factor receptor associated factor 2; TRAIL: Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand; TRADD: Tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated death domain; TSC1/2: Tuberous sclerosis complex 1/2.