Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Nov 15, 2024; 16(11): 4354-4368
Published online Nov 15, 2024. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i11.4354
Figure 1
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Figure 1 Immunogenic chemotherapy and radiotherapy to restore the tumor microenvironment. ICD: International Classification of Diseases; IL: Interleukin; TFN: Tumor necrosis factor; CXCL: Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand; TLR3: Toll-like receptor 3; MHC1: Major histocompatibility complex class I; ER: Endoplasmic reticulum; CRT: Calreticulin; CCL: Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand; HMGB: High mobility group box; DC: Dendritic cell; DAMP: Damage-associated molecular pattern; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor.
Figure 2
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Figure 2 The microbiota can augment dendritic cell function and thus contribute to anticancer immunity. ICB: Immune checkpoint blockade; CTX: Cyclophosphamide; LN: Lymph node; IL: Interleukin; Th: T helper cell; CTL: Cytotoxic T lymphocyte; DC: Dendritic cell.
Figure 3
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Figure 3 Lipid metabolism in the antitumor immune response. FATPs: Fatty acid transport proteins; TCR: T cell receptor; FAO: Fatty acid oxidation; IFN: Interferon; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; IL: Interleukin; E-FABP: Epidermal fatty acid binding protein; NK: Natural killer; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; LDLR: Low-density lipoprotein receptor; PPAR: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; PUSFA: Polyunsaturated fatty acids; FA: Fatty acid.
Figure 4
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Figure 4 Lipid metabolism in protumor immune responses. STAT3: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; CPT1B: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B; FAO: Fatty acid oxidation; PD-1: Programmed cell death protein 1; PPAR: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; MSR1: Macrophage scavenger receptor 1; TGFBR1: Transforming growth factor beta receptor 1; TLR: Toll-like receptor; mTOR: Mechanistic target of rapamycin; DC: Dendritic cell; MDSC: Myeloid-derived suppressor cell; NK: Natural killer; FATP: Fatty acid transport protein; Arg: Arginine; IL: Interleukin; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; ABCG1: ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 1; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase; CXCR: C-X-C chemokine receptor; ATGL: Adipose triglyceride lipase; PGE2: Prostaglandin E2; PUSFA: Polyunsaturated fatty acids; M-CSF: Macrophage colony-stimulating factor; TGF: Transforming growth factor; Treg: Regulatory T cell.