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World J Gastrointest Oncol. May 15, 2024; 16(5): 1725-1736
Published online May 15, 2024. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.1725
Advances in the study of gastric organoids as disease models
Yi-Yang Liu, De-Kun Wu, Ji-Bing Chen, You-Ming Tang, Feng Jiang
Yi-Yang Liu, Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
De-Kun Wu, Teaching Experiment and Training Center, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
Ji-Bing Chen, Central Laboratory, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
You-Ming Tang, Department of Digestive Disease, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
Feng Jiang, AIDS Research Center, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
Co-first authors: Yi-Yang Liu and De-Kun Wu.
Co-corresponding authors: Ji-Bing Chen and You-Ming Tang.
Author contributions: Liu YY designed the article framework and drafted the manuscript; Jiang F and Wu DK contributed equally to this work; Chen JB and Tang YM critically revised the manuscript for basic intellectual content; all authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Supported by Chinese Medicine Service System and Capacity Building (Key Project with Chinese Medicine Characteristics and Advantages, Ruikang Hospital, 2023); and Guangxi Science and Technology Major Project during the 14th five-year Plan, No. Guike AA22096028.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no competing interests to disclose.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Ji-Bing Chen, MD, Doctor, Central Laboratory, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Huadong Road, Xingning District, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. jibingchen398@163.com
Received: December 18, 2023
Peer-review started: December 18, 2023
First decision: January 10, 2024
Revised: January 23, 2024
Accepted: March 25, 2024
Article in press: March 25, 2024
Published online: May 15, 2024
Processing time: 143 Days and 0.9 Hours
Abstract

Gastric organoids are models created in the laboratory using stem cells and sophisticated three-dimensional cell culture techniques. These models have shown great promise in providing valuable insights into gastric physiology and advanced disease research. This review comprehensively summarizes and analyzes the research advances in culture methods and techniques for adult stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids, and patient-derived organoids. The potential value of gastric organoids in studying the pathogenesis of stomach-related diseases and facilitating drug screening is initially discussed. The construction of gastric organoids involves several key steps, including cell extraction and culture, three-dimensional structure formation, and functional expression. Simulating the structure and function of the human stomach by disease modeling with gastric organoids provides a platform to study the mechanism of gastric cancer induction by Helicobacter pylori. In addition, in drug screening and development, gastric organoids can be used as a key tool to evaluate drug efficacy and toxicity in preclinical trials. They can also be used for precision medicine according to the specific conditions of patients with gastric cancer, to assess drug resistance, and to predict the possibility of adverse reactions. However, despite the impressive progress in the field of gastric organoids, there are still many unknowns that need to be addressed, especially in the field of regenerative medicine. Meanwhile, the reproducibility and consistency of organoid cultures are major challenges that must be overcome. These challenges have had a significant impact on the development of gastric organoids. Nonetheless, as technology continues to advance, we can foresee more comprehensive research in the construction of gastric organoids. Such research will provide better solutions for the treatment of stomach-related diseases and personalized medicine.

Keywords: Organoids; Stomach neoplasms; Helicobacter pylori; Drug evaluation; Preclinical; Precision

Core Tip: This paper provides a comprehensive summary and analysis of the advances in culture methods and techniques for adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids and patient tumor-derived organoids. The potential value of gastric organoids in the study of the pathogenesis of gastric-related diseases, drug screening, and individualized treatment of gastric cancer patients is preliminarily discussed. Such research will provide better solutions for the treatment of stomach-related diseases and personalized medicine.