Kuznetsova O, Fedyanin M, Zavalishina L, Moskvina L, Kuznetsova O, Lebedeva A, Tryakin A, Kireeva G, Borshchev G, Tjulandin S, Ignatova E. Prognostic and predictive role of immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16(3): 643-652 [PMID: 38577454 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i3.643]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Olesya Kuznetsova, MD, Academic Research, Doctor, Department of Chemotherapy, Federal State Budgetary Institution (N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology) of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 23 Kashirskoye Highway, Moscow 115478, Russia. kuznetsova.o.md@gmail.com
Research Domain of This Article
Oncology
Article-Type of This Article
Minireviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Mar 15, 2024; 16(3): 643-652 Published online Mar 15, 2024. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i3.643
Prognostic and predictive role of immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer
Olesya Kuznetsova, Mikhail Fedyanin, Larisa Zavalishina, Larisa Moskvina, Olga Kuznetsova, Alexandra Lebedeva, Alexey Tryakin, Galina Kireeva, Gleb Borshchev, Sergei Tjulandin, Ekaterina Ignatova
Olesya Kuznetsova, Mikhail Fedyanin, Alexey Tryakin, Sergei Tjulandin, Department of Chemotherapy, Federal State Budgetary Institution (N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology) of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 115478, Russia
Larisa Zavalishina, Larisa Moskvina, Olga Kuznetsova, Department of Pathology, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow 123242, Russia
Alexandra Lebedeva, OncoAtlas LCC, Moscow 115478, Russia
Galina Kireeva, Gleb Borshchev, Federal State Budgetary Institution “National Medical and Surgical Center named after N.I. Pirogov” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 105203, Russia
Ekaterina Ignatova, STOONCO: Science and Technology in Oncology, Moscow 115478, Russia
Author contributions: Kuznetsova O and Lebedeva A drafted the manuscript; Zavalishina L, Moskvina L, Kuznetsova O, and Kireeva G performed the literature search; Fedyanin M, Tryakin A, Borshchev G, Tjulandin S, and Ignatova E critically reviewed the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Olesya Kuznetsova, MD, Academic Research, Doctor, Department of Chemotherapy, Federal State Budgetary Institution (N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology) of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 23 Kashirskoye Highway, Moscow 115478, Russia. kuznetsova.o.md@gmail.com
Received: November 23, 2023 Peer-review started: November 23, 2023 First decision: December 6, 2023 Revised: December 20, 2023 Accepted: January 22, 2024 Article in press: January 22, 2024 Published online: March 15, 2024 Processing time: 110 Days and 2.8 Hours
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a molecularly heterogeneous disease and one of the most frequent causes of cancer-related death worldwide. The traditional classification of CRC is based on pathomorphological and molecular characteristics of tumor cells (mucinous, ring-cell carcinomas, etc.), analysis of mechanisms of carcinogenesis involved (chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability, CpG island methylator phenotype) and mutational statuses of commonly altered genes (KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, APC, etc.), as well as expression signatures (CMS 1-4). It is also suggested that the tumor microenvironment is a key player in tumor progression and metastasis in CRC. According to the latest data, the immune microenvironment can also be predictive of the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this review, we highlight how the immune environment influences CRC prognosis and sensitivity to systemic therapy.
Core Tip: Here, we describe the current data and perspectives of integrating the immune microenvironment in risk assessment and treatment strategies of colorectal cancer. The identification of tumors with immunoscore showing sensitivity to immunotherapy provide insights into future clinical research.
