Jeyaraman N, Shrivastava S, Ravi V, Nallakumarasamy A, Pundkar A, Jeyaraman M. Understanding and controlling the variables for stromal vascular fraction therapy. World J Stem Cells 2024; 16(8): 784-798 [PMID: 39219728 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i8.784]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Madhan Jeyaraman, MS, PhD, Assistant Professor, Research Associate, Department of Orthopaedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.madhanjeyaraman@gmail.com
Research Domain of This Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Article-Type of This Article
Minireviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Naveen Jeyaraman, Arulkumar Nallakumarasamy, Department of Orthopaedics, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha 442004, Maharashtra, India
Naveen Jeyaraman, VR Ravi, Arulkumar Nallakumarasamy, Madhan Jeyaraman, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Mother Cell Regenerative Centre, Tiruchirappalli 620017, Tamil Nadu, India
Sandeep Shrivastava, Aditya Pundkar, Department of Orthopaedics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha 442004, Maharashtra, India
Madhan Jeyaraman, Department of Orthopaedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
Author contributions: Jeyaraman N designed the research; Jeyaraman N and Nallakumarasamy A analyzed the articles for performing the review and wrote the manuscript; Shrivastava S, Ravi VR, Pundkar A, and Jeyaraman M finalized the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: Https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Madhan Jeyaraman, MS, PhD, Assistant Professor, Research Associate, Department of Orthopaedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.madhanjeyaraman@gmail.com
Received: January 21, 2024 Revised: June 13, 2024 Accepted: July 25, 2024 Published online: August 26, 2024 Processing time: 217 Days and 16.5 Hours
Abstract
In regenerative medicine, the isolation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from the adipose tissue’s stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is a critical area of study. Our review meticulously examines the isolation process of MSCs, starting with the extraction of adipose tissue. The choice of liposuction technique, anatomical site, and immediate processing are essential to maintain cell functionality. We delve into the intricacies of enzymatic digestion, emphasizing the fine-tuning of enzyme concentrations to maximize cell yield while preventing harm. The review then outlines the filtration and centrifugation techniques necessary for isolating a purified SVF, alongside cell viability assessments like flow cytometry, which are vital for confirming the efficacy of the isolated MSCs. We discuss the advantages and drawbacks of using autologous vs allogeneic SVF sources, touching upon immunocompatibility and logistical considerations, as well as the variability inherent in donor-derived cells. Anesthesia choices, the selection between hypodermic needles vs liposuction cannulas, and the role of adipose tissue lysers in achieving cellular dissociation are evaluated for their impact on SVF isolation. Centrifugation protocols are also analyzed for their part in ensuring the integrity of the SVF. The necessity for standardized MSC isolation protocols is highlighted, promoting reproducibility and successful clinical application. We encourage ongoing research to deepen the understanding of MSC biology and therapeutic action, aiming to further the field of regenerative medicine. The review concludes with a call for rigorous research, interdisciplinary collaboration, and strict adherence to ethical and regulatory standards to safeguard patient safety and optimize treatment outcomes with MSCs.
Core Tip: Stromal vascular fraction isolation is essential for extracting mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in regenerative medicine. Optimizing this process requires improved liposuction techniques, immediate processing, precise enzymatic digestion, and efficient filtration and centrifugation. Quality control is verified through flow cytometry to ensure cell viability and purity. The necessity for standardized MSC isolation protocols is emphasized to ensure reproducibility and clinical success.
