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World J Meta-Anal. Apr 28, 2020; 8(2): 89-97
Published online Apr 28, 2020. doi: 10.13105/wjma.v8.i2.89
Helicobacter pylori and gastric cardia cancer: What do we know about their relationship?
Jing-Jing Yin, Fu-Jiao Duan, Sailaja Vatsalya Madhurapantula, Yue-Hua Zhang, Gui He, Kun-Yan Wang, Xuan-Ke Ji, Kai-Juan Wang
Jing-Jing Yin, Fu-Jiao Duan, Sailaja Vatsalya Madhurapantula, Yue-Hua Zhang, Gui He, Kun-Yan Wang, Xuan-Ke Ji, Kai-Juan Wang, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
Jing-Jing Yin, Fu-Jiao Duan, Sailaja Vatsalya Madhurapantula, Yue-Hua Zhang, Gui He, Kun-Yan Wang, Xuan-Ke Ji, Kai-Juan Wang, Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
Author contributions: All authors equally contributed to this paper with conception and design of the study, literature review and analysis, manuscript drafting, critical revision, and editing, and approval of the final version.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interests for this article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Kai-Juan Wang, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100, Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China. kjwang@163.com
Received: December 27, 2019
Peer-review started: December 27, 2019
First decision: January 19, 2020
Revised: February 8, 2020
Accepted: March 19, 2020
Article in press: March 19, 2020
Published online: April 28, 2020
Processing time: 123 Days and 0.2 Hours
Abstract

The incidence of gastric cardia cancer is increasing around the world. Since the discovery of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), numerous studies have proved that it is a causative factor for many kinds of digestive system tumors. Although the literature on gastric cardia cancer and H. pylori is not scarce, there are still many controversies on the relationship between gastric cardia cancer and H. pylori. Many Western research results showed that there was a negative or no correlation between H. pylori infection and gastric cardia cancer, but in several studies in Asian countries, such as China, H. pylori was demonstrated to be a risk factor for gastric cardia cancer. Therefore, we intended to analyze the related studies to find out the relationship between H. pylori and gastric cardia cancer and find out the causes of the above controversies. We also conducted a meta-analysis of the relationship between cagA positive expression of H. pylori and gastric cardia cancer, to find out whether there is an effect between those two. The primary purpose of this paper was to explore the relationship between gastric cardia cancer and H. pylori. Through analysis, the study showed the reasons for the controversies mentioned above: (1) Geographical factors could affect the relationship between H. pylori and gastric cardia cancer; (2) The definition of gastric cardia cancer in various studies is inconsistent. The result of a meta-analysis about the relationship between H. pylori virulence factor cagA and gastric cardia cancer showed that there was no relationship between these two.

Keywords: Gastric cardia cancer; Helicobacter pylori; Cytotoxin-associated gene A; Relationship; Risk factors; Meta-analysis

Core tip: The relationship between gastric cardia cancer and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is unclear. Therefore, this article focuses on the relationship between gastric cardia cancer and H. pylori and the reasons for this relationship. This paper also discusses the relationship between cagA and gastric cardia cancer, as well as the influence of different colonization sites of H. pylori on gastric cardia cancer and the influence of H. pylori on the prognosis of gastric cardia cancer, and such.