Combined lumbar muscle block and perioperative comprehensive patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with butorphanol in gynecological endoscopic surgery

Table 1 Comparison of general data between the two groups

General data	Study group, n = 60	Control group, n = 60	t/χ2 value	P value
Age (yr)	57.7 ± 7.8	55.8 ± 7.1	1.395	0.166
Weight (kg)	55.9 ± 5.4	57.0 ± 6.1	-1.046	0.298
Height (cm)	158.9 ± 5.2	159.6 ± 6.0	-0.683	0.496
Systolic pressure (mmHg)	122.4 ± 8.4	121.3 ± 7.0	0.779	0.437
Diastolic pressure (mmHg)	74.1 ± 6.0	75.6 ± 7.5	-1.210	0.229
Heart rate (times/min)	81.5 ± 8.0	80.4 ± 8.5	0.730	0.467
Operation time (min)	105.7 ± 16.4	107.1 ± 20.0	-0.419	0.676
Anesthesia time (min)	124.8 ± 15.0	126.4 ± 14.3	-0.598	0.551
ASA grade, n (%)			0.616	0.432
I	39 (65.00)	43 (71.67)
II	21 (35.00)	17 (28.33)
Diabetes, n (%)			2.596	0.107
Yes	11 (18.33)	5 (8.33)
No	49 (81.67)	55 (91.67)
Coronary heart disease, n (%)			1.081	0.298
Yes	3 (5.00)	6 (10.00)
No	57 (95.00)	54 (90.00)
Dyslipidemia, n (%)			1.677	0.195
Yes	11 (18.33)	17 (28.33)
No	49 (81.67)	43 (71.67)
Disease type, n (%)			3.597	0.308
Fibroid	22 (36.67)	30 (50.00)
Cervical carcinoma	16 (26.67)	10 (16.67)
Endometrial carcinoma	12 (20.00)	8 (13.33)
Others	10 (16.67)	12 (20.00)

Table 2 Comparison of visual analog scale scores of postoperative analgesia between the two groups (mean ± SD, points)

VAS scores	2 h after operation	4 h after operation	12 h after operation	24 h after operation	48 h after operation
At resting state
Study group (n = 60)	2.29 ± 0.59	2.78 ± 0.81	2.90 ± 0.78	2.45 ± 0.65	1.75 ± 0.63
Control group (n = 60)	2.15 ± 0.52	3.07 ± 0.85	3.31 ± 0.88	2.81 ± 0.74	1.90 ± 0.50
t value	1.379	-1.913	-2.701	-2.831	-1.445
P value	0.171	0.058	0.008	0.005	0.151
At cough state
Study group (n = 60)	2.50 ± 0.64	3.10 ± 0.75	3.08 ± 0.81	2.94 ± 0.86	2.26 ± 0.78
Control group (n = 60)	2.37 ± 0.59	3.54 ± 0.88	3.51 ± 0.89	3.12 ± 0.90	2.43 ± 0.83
t value	1.157	-2.948	-2.768	-1.120	-1.156
P value	0.250	0.004	0.007	0.265	0.250

VAS: Visual analog scale.

Table 3 Comparison of inflammatory factor levels at different times after operation between the two groups (mean ± SD)

Indexes	2 h after operation	24 h after operation	48 h after operation
TNF-α (pg/mL)
Study group (n = 60)	161.5 ± 27.5	228.5 ± 32.4	230.6 ± 35.1
Control group (n =60)	157.8 ± 25.3	242.7 ± 29.6	238.2 ± 31.8
t value	0.767	-2.506	-1.243
P value	0.445	0.014	0.216
IL-6 (pg/mL)
Study group (n = 60)	51.77 ± 6.83	89.47 ± 9.20	83.65 ± 8.11
Control group (n = 60)	54.02 ± 8.16	95.71 ± 10.36	97.20 ± 9.54
t value	-1.638	-3.489	-8.382
P value	0.104	0.001	0.000
IL-8 (pg/mL)
Study group (n = 60)	71.5 ± 13.9	94.6 ± 18.6	88.2 ± 15.7
Control group (n = 60)	73.6 ± 12.5	102.5 ± 20.4	97.8 ± 16.4
t value	-0.870	-2.217	-3.275
P value	0.386	0.029	0.001

IL: Interleukin; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

Table 4 Comparison of patient-controlled intravenous analgesia compression times at different times after operation between the two groups (mean ± SD, times)

Groups	n	12 h after operation	24 h after operation	48 h after operation
Study group	60	1.47 ± 0.60	2.18 ± 0.56	2.64 ± 0.62
Control group	60	3.13 ± 1.02	4.30 ± 0.94	4.16 ± 0.90
t value		-10.866	-15.008	-10.773
P value		0.000	0.000	0.000

Table 5 Ramsay score comparison of two groups at different times after operation (mean ± SD, points)

Group	n	12 h after operation	24 h after operation	48 h after operation
Study group	60	2.40 ± 0.57	2.33 ± 0.60	2.18 ± 0.56
Control group	60	2.57 ± 0.61	2.50 ± 0.74	2.31 ± 0.68
t value		-1.577	-1.382	-1.143
P value		0.117	0.170	0.255

Table 6 Comparison of related adverse reactions between the two groups, n (%)

Group	n	Nausea	Vomiting	Urinary retention	Dizziness	Drowsiness
Study group	60	3 (5.00)	1 (1.67)	0 (0.00)	1 (1.67)	1 (1.67)
Control group	60	11 (18.33)	2 (3.33)	2 (3.33)	7 (11.67)	3 (5.00)
t value		5.175	0.342	2.034	4.821	1.034
P value		0.023	0.559	0.154	0.028	0.309