Clinical and electroencephalogram characteristics and treatment outcomes in children with benign epilepsy and centrotemporal spikes

Table 1 Electroencephalogram characteristics of children

Electroencephalogram characteristic	Number of cases	Proportion (%)
Discharge period
Awake and sleep periods	70	66.04
Sleep period	36	33.96
Spine/spike discharge
Unilateral	86	81.13
Bilateral	20	18.87
Discharge generalization	33	31.13

Table 2 Comparison of electroencephalogram characteristics of children of different sexes and ages

Group	Number of cases	Awake and sleep discharge (%)	Spike/sharp wave unilateral discharge (%)	Discharge generalization (%)
Gender
Man	66	42 (63.64)	55 (83.33)	19 (28.79)
Woman	40	28 (70.00)	31 (77.50)	14 (35.00)
χ2		0.450	0.554	0.448
P value		0.502	0.457	0.503
Age
≤ 7 yr	34	25 (73.53)	26 (76.47)	11 (32.35)
> 7 yr	72	45 (62.50)	60 (83.33)	22 (30.56)
χ2		1.253	0.711	0.035
P value		0.263	0.399	0.852

Table 3 Comparison of clinical data of children with and without effective treatment, n (%)

Clinical data	Treatment ineffective (n = 20)	Treatment effective (n = 86)	t/χ2	P value
Gender			0.554	0.457
Man	11 (55.00)	55 (63.95)
Woman	9 (45.00)	31 (36.05)
Age (yr)	7.15 ± 1.98	7.15 ± 1.80	0.000	1.000
Discharge period			0.883	0.347
Awake and sleep periods	15 (75.00)	55 (63.95)
Sleep period	5 (25.00)	31 (36.05)
Spike/sharp wave discharge			2.081	0.149
Unilateral	19 (95.00)	67 (77.91)
Bilateral	1 (5.00)	19 (22.09)
Discharge generalization	8 (40.00)	25 (29.07)	0.904	0.342
Low age onset (< 5 yr)	8 (40.00)	6 (6.98)	12.690	0.000
Seizure frequency			9.582	0.002
> 3 times/half a year	12 (60.00)	21 (24.42)
≤ 3 times/half a year	8 (40.00)	65 (75.58)
Discharge index (%)	65.05 ± 7.74	73.28 ± 9.17	-3.714	0.000
Gesell scale
Gross motor (points)	85.70 ± 6.62	85.28 ± 7.29	0.236	0.814
Fine motor (points)	88.60 ± 5.99	86.62 ± 8.00	1.040	0.301
Adaptability (points)	87.60 ± 7.02	86.08 ± 7.20	0.854	0.395
Language (points)	88.15 ± 7.13	86.33 ± 7.92	0.942	0.348
Individual-social ability (points)	85.40 ± 8.61	85.99 ± 8.22	-0.287	0.775

Table 4 Results of correlation analysis

Gesell scale	Discharge index
	r	P value
Gross motor	-0.014	0.887
Fine motor	-0.274	0.005
Adaptability	-0.068	0.488
Language	-0.247	0.011
Individual-social ability	0.098	0.316

Table 5 Results of multivariate analysis

Index	β	SE	Wals	P value	OR (95%CI)
Incidence at a young age (< 5 yr)	2.425	0.696	12.131	0.000	11.304 (2.888-44.251)
Attack frequency	1.755	0.593	8.760	0.003	5.784 (1.809-18.490)
Constant term	-2.686	0.480	31.254	0.000	-

OR: Odds ratio.

Table 6 Comparison of discharge index and Gesell scale scores between treatment-effective and treatment-ineffective children before and after treatment

Index	Treatment ineffective (n = 20)	Treatment effective (n = 86)	t	P value
Discharge index (%)
Before treatment	65.05 ± 7.74	73.28 ± 9.17	-3.714	0.000
After treatment	40.15 ± 5.36	34.47 ± 10.02	2.449	0.016
t	11.828	26.498
P value	0.000	0.000
Gross motor (points)
Before treatment	85.70 ± 6.62	85.28 ± 7.29	0.236	0.814
After treatment	85.90 ± 5.47	86.20 ± 6.47	-0.192	0.848
t	-0.104	-0.875
P value	0.918	0.383
Fine motor (points)
Before treatment	88.60 ± 5.99	86.62 ± 8.00	1.040	0.301
After treatment	91.20 ± 2.69	89.24 ± 5.29	1.605	0.111
t	-1.771	-2.533
P value	0.085	0.012
Adaptability (points)
Before treatment	87.60 ± 7.02	86.08 ± 7.20	0.854	0.395
After treatment	88.50 ± 5.04	88.26 ± 5.38	0.182	0.856
t	-0.466	-2.249
P value	0.644	0.026
Language (points)
Before treatment	88.15 ± 7.13	86.33 ± 7.92	0.942	0.348
After treatment	89.35 ± 6.02	88.55 ± 5.99	0.537	0.592
t	-0.575	-2.073
P value	0.569	0.040
Personal-social ability (points)
Before treatment	85.40 ± 8.61	85.99 ± 8.22	-0.287	0.775
After treatment	86.95 ± 6.78	87.91 ± 6.27	-0.607	0.545
t	-0.633	-1.722
P value	0.531	0.087