Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Clin Cases. Aug 16, 2021; 9(23): 6705-6716
Published online Aug 16, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i23.6705
Table 1 Drugs used for awake tracheal intubation in the participants
Drug
Usage and dosage
Penehyclidine hydrochloride injection0.01 mg/kg, intramuscular injection 30 min before anesthesia
Dexmedetomidine Intravenous infusion of 0.5 μg/kg for 10 min
Ephedrine hydrochloride3%, nasal drops
2% lidocaine3 mL for topical anesthesia of nasal mucosa and nasopharynx; 2 mL for thyrocricocentesis
Compound lidocaine creamLubrication on forepart of endotracheal tube and local anesthesia
Fentanyl1 μg/kg, analgesia, sedation, and inhibition of airway reflex
Midazolam0.02 mg/kg, sedation and anticonvulsant
Table 2 Demographic data of the patients
Case
Gender
Age (yr)
Height (cm)
Weight (kg)
ASA physical status
Time since AS diagnosis (yr)
1Male6317770III15
2Male5916572III20
3Male5217168III13
4Male4117048III9
5Male5616251III16
6Male6816661III22
7Male6316859III40
8Male6115545III30
9Male5417360III24
10Male6016555III18
11Female5915547III31
12Male4317081III7
Table 3 Preoperative airway assessments
Case
Willson's score
Mallampati classification
Thyromental distance (cm)
Interincisor gap (cm)
Neck mobility (º)
16III5.53.5< 90
25III4.53< 90
34III5.83.2< 90
45III63< 90
55III4.33< 90
66III3.82.5< 90
75IV42.4< 90
85IV53< 90
95III4.82.7< 90
105III4.52.5< 90
116IV4.22.6< 90
125III4.82.8< 90
Table 4 Evaluation during intubation
Case
Preparation time before intubation
Intubation time (min)
Scores of facial grimaces
Airway reactivity score
1253.322
2182.511
322321
4272.710
5153.111
6192.621
7202.211
8231.922
9182.121
10212.610
11202.832
1217221
Table 5 Hemodynamic changes

SBP/mmHg
DBP/mmHg
HR/min
Number of cases121212
T1136 ± 1879 ± 1287 ± 12
T2125 ± 1377 ± 778 ± 13
T3136 ± 1683 ± 892 ± 10
T4124 ± 1076 ± 678 ± 9
T5108 ± 1170 ± 767 ± 8
Table 6 Pulmonary collapse and surgical exposure, and postoperative adverse reactions
Case
Pulmonary collapse and surgical exposure
Epistaxis
Sore throat
Hoarseness
Dysphagia
111000
210000
310000
411000
521000
610000
720000
811100
910010
1011000
1111110
1211000