Sun YJ, Xu LZ, Ma ZH, Yang YL, Yin TN, Gong XY, Gao ZL, Liu YL, Liu J. Health-related risky behaviors and their risk factors in adolescents with high-functioning autism. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9(22): 6329-6342 [PMID: 34434999 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i22.6329]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Jing Liu, MD, Chief Physician, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), No. 51 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China. ljyuch@bjmu.edu.cn
Research Domain of This Article
Psychiatry
Article-Type of This Article
Observational Study
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Clin Cases. Aug 6, 2021; 9(22): 6329-6342 Published online Aug 6, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i22.6329
Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the high-functioning autism and control groups (personal information)
Items
Autism group, n = 110
Control group, n = 110
Z/χ2
P value
Age, median (min, max)
14.5 (12.0, 19.1)
14.4 (12.1, 19.0)
-0.268
0.789
Gender, n (%)
0
0.999
Female
17 (15.5)
17 (15.5)
Male
93 (84.5)
93 (84.5)
Race, n (%)
0.474
0.491
Han nationality
101 (91.8)
98 (91.8)
Ethnic minority
9 (8.2)
12 (8.2)
Residence, n (%)
0.372
0.830
City
94 (85.5)
97 (88.2)
Town
12 (10.9)
10 (9.1)
Village
4 (3.6)
3 (2.7)
Table 2 Demographic characteristics of the high-functioning autism and control groups (family information)
Items
Autism group, n = 110
Control group, n = 110
Z/χ2
P value
Paternal education, n (%)
19.45
0.001
Primary school
1 (0.9)
2 (1.8)
Middle school
3 (2.7)
18 (16.4)
High school
22 (20.0)
31 (28.2)
Undergraduate
60 (54.5)
49 (44.5)
Postgraduate
24 (21.9)
10 (9.1)
Maternal education, n (%)
19.38
0.003
Primary school
1 (0.9)
4 (3.6)
Middle school
5 (4.5)
17 (15.5)
High school
20 (18.2)
29 (26.4)
Undergraduate
64 (58.2)
52 (47.3)
Postgraduate
20 (18.2)
8 (7.3)
Family relationship, n (%)
0.942
0.624
Harmonious
73 (66.4)
78 (70.9)
Fine
29 (26.4)
23 (20.9)
Disharmony
5 (4.5)
6 (5.5)
Parents divorced
3 (2.7)
3 (2.7)
Family financial situation, n (%) (annual income CNY)
15.84
0.003
< 30000
15 (13.6)
6 (5.5)
30000-50000
28 (25.5)
13 (11.8)
50000-70000
19(17.3)
24 (21.8)
70000-100000
27 (24.5)
27 (24.5)
> 100000
21 (19.1)
40 (36.4)
Family history of mental illness
13.21
< 0.001
Positive
15
1
Negative
95
109
Table 3 Comparison of Adolescent Health-related Risky Behavior Inventory total score and subscale scores between the two groups
Total scale/subscales
Autism group, n = 110
Control group, n = 110
Z
P value
Total score
55.0 (38, 177)
49.5 (38, 88)
-3.314
0. 001
Aggression and violence
15.0 (10, 50)
13.0 (10, 29)
-3.045
0.002
Health compromising behavior
10.0 (5, 19)
8.0 (5, 17)
-2.213
0.027
Rule breaking
10.0 (7, 35)
9.5 (7, 18)
-0.741
0. 458
Unprotected sex
5.0 (5, 25)
5.0 (5, 7)
-4.197
< 0. 001
Suicide and self-injury
6.0 (5, 25)
5.0 (5, 17)
-2.581
0.010
Substance use
6.0 (6, 25)
6.0 (6, 9)
-0.766
0. 444
Table 4 Correlation coefficients between the Adolescents Health-related Risky Behavior Inventory scores and the results of demographic characteristics, Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire and Inventory of Subjective Life Quality for Child and Adolescent
Table 5 Correlation coefficients between the Adolescents Health-related Risky Behavior Inventory scores and the results of intelligence quotient, Theory of Mind and expression recognition
Table 6 Multiple linear regression analysis of aggression and violence, health compromising behavior, unprotected sex, suicide and self-injury subscales and total score of Adolescents Health-related Risky Behavior Inventory
Model
Unstandardized coefficients
t
P value
95% Confidence interval for B
B
SE
Lower bound
Upper bound
AV
Emotional subscale
-0.268
0.068
-3.954
< 0.001
-0.403
-0.133
HCB
School life experience
-0.152
0.053
-2.841
0.006
-0.258
-0.045
US
Total IQ scores
-0.032
0.015
-2.066
0.042
-0.062
-0.001
Score of second-order belief test
-1.321
0.428
-3.088
0.003
-2.173
-0.470
SS
Depression experience
-0.321
0.073
-4.371
< 0.001
-0.467
-0.175
Total score of AHRBI
Depression experience
-1.603
0.444
-3.613
0.001
-2.487
-0.719
Citation: Sun YJ, Xu LZ, Ma ZH, Yang YL, Yin TN, Gong XY, Gao ZL, Liu YL, Liu J. Health-related risky behaviors and their risk factors in adolescents with high-functioning autism. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9(22): 6329-6342