Case Report
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Clin Cases. Jul 16, 2021; 9(20): 5594-5604
Published online Jul 16, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i20.5594
Table 1 Aminoff and Logue scale score of disability
Modified Aminoff-Logue scale
Gait disturbance
Micturition
0 Normal0 Normal
1 Leg weakness or abnormal gait; no restricted activity1 Hesitance, urgency or frequency
2 Grade 1 with restricted activity2 Occasional urinary incontinence or retention
3 Requires cane or similar support for walking3 Total urinary incontinence or retention
4 Requires walker or crutches for walking
5 Unable to stand; confined to bed or wheelchair
Table 2 Clinical features of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula case reports published in recent years
Ref.
Age
MRI feature
Symptom
Duration of symptoms
Outcome
Derollez et al[27], 201976Hypersignal of the spinal cord from T6 to the terminal cone and flow voids behind the spinal cordProtopathic hypoesthesia, tactile allodynia, numbness in the soles of his feet and hypopallesthesia in the inferior limbs, especially on the right side1 moComplete recovery of his motor and sphincterial dysfunctions, the only remaining symptom was paresthesia of his inferior limbs
Ren et al[28], 201961T5 to the conus with multiple flow voids posterior to the spinal cordMotor weakness (grade 4/5) and reduced sensation in both legs6 moThe patient’s symptoms gradually improved
Petrin et al[29], 202087Diffuse spinal cord signal change from approximately the T3 to the conus medullaris with vascular patterns at the posterior aspect of the spinal canalIntermittent loss of sensation in the legs, buckling of his legs with falls and multiple episodes of unexplained new-onset fecal incontinence3 moThe patient made significant functional recovery and return to independent activities of daily living
Li et al[30], 201765Dilated tortuous vessels with flow voids extending from C4 to the cauda equinaDecreased muscle strength in both legs (grade 4), hypesthesia occurred below L3 level, defecation difficulty, urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction4 yrThe paresthesia and weakness in both legs and the sphincter dysfunction disappeared completely 1 yr after surgery
Gailloud[31], 201867Longitudinally extensive myelopathy with parenchymal enhancement and flow-voidsProgressive lower extremity weakness and pain associated with sphincter dysfunctionNot mentionedImprovement in his lower extremity pain and was otherwise unchanged
Niu et al[32], 202025Multiple tortuous vascular flow voids in the lumbosacral canal from the conus medullaris to the S2 level with prominent edema and swelling of the spinal cordIntermittent pain of the right lower limb1 moThe patient’s symptoms were completely relieved
Prieto et al[33], 200956Total spine showed diffuse intramedullary hyperintensity with peripheral sparing between T8 and the conus medullaris, prominent perimedullary flow voids on the dorsal aspect of the cordLower extremity weakness and ascending numbness from his toes to his groin, urinary retention9 moThe patient’s lower extremity muscle strength was normal, and the deep tendon reflexes were bilaterally hyper-reflexic in both legs