Erector spinae plane block at lower thoracic level for analgesia in lumbar spine surgery: A randomized controlled trial

Table 1 Baseline demographics and characteristics

	ESPB group (n = 30)	Control group (n = 29)	P value
Sex (Male/Female)	13/17	8/21	0.207
Age, yr	61 ± 12	64 ± 10	0.364
Height, cm	165 ± 9	163 ± 8	0.284
Weight, kg	70 ± 9	66 ± 9	0.146
ASA (I/II/III)	11/16/3	6/17/6	0.283
Preoperative resting NRS	4 (3-5)	4 (3-5)	0.871
Preoperative moving NRS	6 (5-7)	5 (4-7)	0.195
Surgery segment
T12	1 (3.3)	2 (6.9)	0.557
L1	2 (6.7)	3 (10.3)	0.643
L2	5 (16.7)	8 (27.6)	0.351
L3	17 (56.7)	24 (82.8)	0.054
L4	27 (90.0)	28 (96.6)	0.643
L5	28 (93.3)	28 (96.6)	1.000
S1	14 (46.7)	13 (44.8)	0.797

Results are presented as the mean ± SD, median (interquartile range), or n (%). ESPB: Erector spinae plane block; NRS: Numerical rating scale; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists.

Table 2 Intraoperative variables

	ESPB group (n = 30)	Control group (n = 29)	P value
Duration of anesthesia, min	193 ± 56	205 ± 54	0.242
Dose of sufentanil, ug	20 ± 6	25 ± 6	0.003
Dose of cisatracurium, mg	31 ± 12	41 ± 10	0.001
MOAA/S at extubation	4.1 ± 0.5	3.3 ± 0.6	0.000
MOAA/S 10 min after extubation	4.5 ± 0.5	4.0 ± 0.5	0.001
MOAA/S 20 min after extubation	4.9 ± 0.3	4.4 ± 0.6	0.000
MOAA/S 30 min after extubation	5.0 ± 0.0	4.9 ± 0.4	0.073
Duration in the PACU, min	35 ± 2	44 ± 15	0.001

Results are presented as the mean ± SD. ESPB: Erector spinae plane block; PACU: Post-anesthesia care unit; MOAA/S: Modified Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation score.

Table 3 Postoperative variables

	ESPB group (n = 30)	Control group (n = 29)	P value
Duration to the first PCIA bolus, h	8.0 (4.5-17.0)	1 (0.5-6)	0.000
Resting NRS 24 h post operation	1 (1-2)	2 (1-3)	0.084
Coughing NRS 24 h post operation	3 (2-4)	3 (2-5)	0.075
Resting NRS 48 h post operation	1 (0-1)	1 (1-2)	0.012
Coughing NRS 48 h post operation	2 (1-2)	3 (2-4)	0.002
Morphine consumption 24 h post operation, mg	18 (14-24)	18 (14-28)	0.339
Morphine consumption 48 h post operation, mg	36 (28-45)	36 (33-55)	0.120
Time to first ambulation, hour	95 (72-96)	96 (76-114)	0.024
Resting NRS on postoperative 30th d	1 (0-1)	2 (1-2)	0.001

Results are presented as the median (interquartile range). ESPB: Erector spinae plane block; NRS: Numerical rating scale.