Remarkable gastrointestinal and liver manifestations of COVID-19: A clinical and radiologic overview

Table 1 Clinical and radiologic findings in the gastrointestinal tract and liver of patients with coronavirus disease 2019

Ref.	Gastrointestinal clinical manifestations	Gastrointestinal radiologic manifestations	Liver clinical manifestations	Liver radiologic manifestations
Pan et al[6]	Anorexia, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Abdominal pain
Cheung et al[8]	Anorexia, Diarrhea, Nausea, Vomiting, Abdominal pain or discomfort
Sultan et al[9]	Nausea, Vomiting		Elevated AST and ALT
Fang et al[10]	Loose stool, Diarrhea
Pan et al[6], Carvalho et al[12]	Hemorrhagic colitis/GI bleeding
Xu et al[13]	Diarrhea
Hajifathalian et al[14]	Diarrhea
Carvalho et al[12], Guo et al[19], Kim et al[17], Bhayana et al[21], Jaijakul et al[18], Calinescu et al[20], Tang et al[15], Sattar et al[16]		Bowel wall thickening, Hyperemia, Mesenteric thickening
Corrêa Neto et al[23]		Perforation
Sattar et al[16], Behzad et al[24]		Colonic ileus, Intestinal wall pneumatosis
Martínez-Castaño et al[25], Moazzam et al[26]		Ileocolic intussusception
Culver et al[27]		Ascites
Bhayana et al[21]		Bowel wall thickening, Cholestasis		Fatty liver, Cholestasis
Farina et al[28]		Ischemic changes in loops of the small bowel
Wang et al[49]			Elevated ALT and AST
Zhang et al[50]			Abnormal ALT and AST
Cai et al[51]			Abnormal ALT and AST
Hundt et al[53]			Abnormal liver tests
Palomar et al[52], Uchida et al[55]				Hepatic steatosis
Medeiros et al[54]				Steatosis
Lei et al[57]				Pericholecystic fat stranding, Homogeneous/heterogeneous liver hypodensity

ALT: Alanine transaminase; AST: Aspartate transaminase; GI: Gastrointestinal.