Polymerase chain reaction-based tests for detecting Helicobacter pylori clarithromycin resistance in stool samples: A meta-analysis

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of included studies

Ref.	Country	Diagnose H.pylori	Patient number	Source	Gender, M/F	Sample weight, mg	Purification	PCR type	Point mutations	Gold standard
Fontana et al[21], 2003	Italy	Culture	125	Adult + child	NA	220	Qiagen	Nested	A2143, A2142, A2717	MIC > 1 μg/mL
Noguchi et al[22], 2007	Japan	UBT	98	Adult	NA	50	Promega	Nested	A2142, A2143	MIC > 1 μg/mL
Rimbara et al[23], 2009	Japan	NA	50	Adult	24/26	50	Promega	Nested	A2142, A2143	MIC > 1 μg/mL
Lottspeich et al[25], 2007	Germany	Histo; Culture; UBT; HpSA	46	Child	NA	200	Qiagen	RT	A2142, A2143	MIC > 1 μg/mL
VÉCSEI et al[26], 2010	Austria	RUT; Histo; Culture	67	Child	NA	200	Qiagen	RT	A2142, A2143	MIC > 1 μg/mL
Scaletsky et al[27], 2011	Brazil	Culture; Histo; RUT	45	Child	NA	200	Qiagen	RT	A2142, A2143	MIC > 1 mg/L
Rimbara et al[24], 2005	Japan	HpSA; Culture	7	NA	NA	NA	Q-BIOgene	Nested	A2142, A2143	MIC > 1 μg/mL
Giorgio et al[28], 2016	Italy	UBT	52	Adult	23/29	300	THD fecal test	RT	A2142, A2143	PCR in biopsy
Brennan et al[18], 2016	Ireland	UBT; RUT	17	Adult	NA	NA	PSP spin stool	Genotype	A2146, A2147	PCR in biopsy
Osaki et al[16], 2017	Japan	HpSA	40	Adult	NA	200	DNA Plus Kit	Nested	A2142, A2143	MIC > 0.5 mg/L
Schabereiter-Gurtner et al[17], 2004	Austria	Histo; RUT;Culture	45	Adult	NA	200	Qiagen	RT	A2142, A2143	MIC ≥ 1 μg/mL

F: Female; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; Histo: Histopathology; HPSA: Helicobacter pylori serum antigen; M: Male; MIC: Minimal inhibitory concentration; NA; Not available; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; RT: Real-time polymerase chain reaction; RUT: Rapid urea test; UBT: Urea breath test.